Bipolar neurons are commonly ________.
Found in the retina of the eye
Which of the following is an excitatory neurotransmitter secreted by motor neurons innervating skeletal muscle?
Acetylcholine
Which of the following best describes the cerebrum?
Executive suite
A shallow groove on the surface of the cortex is called a ________.
Sulcus
Which of the following generalizations does not describe the cerebral cortex?
The hemispheres are exactly equal in function
Broca's area ________.
Is considered a motor speech area
Which part of the cerebral cortex is involved in intellect, cognition, recall, and personality?
Prefrontal cortex
The blood-brain barrier is effective against ________.
Metabolic waste such as urea
Second-order neurons of both the specific and nonspecific ascending pathways terminate in the ________.
Thalamus
Which brain waves are not normal for awake adults but are common for children?
Theta
The patellar "knee jerk" reflex is an example of a(n) ________.
Stretch reflex
What cells line the ventricles of the brain?
Ependymal cells
Regeneration within the CNS ________.
Is prevented due to growth-inhibiting proteins of oligodendrocytes
All of the following structures are part of the diencephalon except:
Hyperthalamus
The brainstem consists of which sequence of structures:
Midbrain, medulla oblongata, pons
The Na/K pump moves ___ ions ____ and ____ ions ______ of the neuron to restore resting membrane potential (RMP). This occurs as a(n) ___________.
3 Na out, 2 K in, antiport
What would occur if the sodium-potassium pump was suddenly inhibited in a neuron?
High amounts of sodium and potassium ions would be trapped intracellularly and extracellularly, keeping the neuron in a hyperpolarization state
The term central nervous system refers to the ________.
Brain and spinal cord
The substance released at axon terminals to propagate a nervous impulse is called a(n) ________.
Neurotransmitter
A neuron that has as its primary function the job of connecting other neurons is called a(n) ________.
Association neuron
Saltatory conduction is made possible by ________.
The myelin sheath
Which of the following is not a chemical class of neurotransmitters?
Nucleic acid
Which of the following is false or incorrect?
A nerve impulse occurs if the excitatory and inhibitory effects are equal.
Select the correct statement regarding synapses.
The synaptic cleft prevents an impulse from being transmitted directly from one neuron to another.
Immediately after an action potential has peaked, which cellular gates open and which close?
Potassium open, sodium close
What does the central nervous system use to determine the strength of a stimulus?
Frequency of action potentials
All processing at the circuit level going up to the perceptual level must synapse in the ________.
Thalamus
Potentially damaging stimuli that result in pain are selectively detected by ________.
Nociceptors
Which receptors adapt most slowly?
Nociceptors
After axonal injury, regeneration in peripheral nerves is guided by ________.
Schwann cells
Pressure, pain, and temperature receptors in the skin are ________.
Exteroceptors
Which of the following is an incorrect statement regarding the occurrence of a sensation?
The stimulus energy must be converted into the energy of a graded potential called a transduction potential.
Which of the following is not a way that sensory receptors are classified?
Sensitivity to a stimulus
Which of the following is not a main level of neural integration in the somatosensory system?
Segmental
Which of the following is the correct simple spinal reflex arc?
Receptor, afferent neuron, integration center, efferent neuron, effector
An impulse from one nerve cell is communicated to another nerve cell via the ________.
Synapse
The part of a neuron that conducts impulses away from its cell body is called a(n) ________.
Axon
Which of the following is not a function of the autonomic nervous system?
Innervation of skeletal muscle
An inhibitory postsynaptic potential (IPSP) is associated with ________.
Hyperpolarization
Which of the following is not true of graded potentials?
They increase amplitude as they move away from the stimulus point.
Which of the following correctly describes a graded potential?
Amplitude of various sizes
The period after an initial stimulus when a neuron is not sensitive to another stimulus is the ________.
Absolute refractory period
Which of the following describes the excitatory postsynaptic potential?
Short distance depolarization
The process of linking new facts with old facts already stored in the memory bank is called ________.
Association
Which category of memory is involved when playing the piano?
Procedural
The brain area that regulates activities that control the state of wakefulness or alertness of the cerebral cortex is the ________.
Reticular formation
Injury to the hypothalamus may result in all of the following except ________.
Loss of proprioception
Which of the following structures is probably not directly involved in memory?
Medulla
Declarative memory ________.
Is the ability to learn specific information
An individual accidentally transected the spinal cord between T1 and L1. This would result in ________.
Paraplegia