Chapter 6

One primary advantage of light microscopy over electron microscopy is that ________.

light microscopy allows the visualization of dynamic processes in living cells

Are surface appendages that allow a bacterium to stick to a surface.

Fimbriae

What is the function of a bacterium's capsule?

Protection

Where is a bacterial cell's DNA found?

Nucleoid region

In a bacterium, where are proteins synthesized?

Ribosomes

What name is given to the rigid structure, found outside the plasma membrane, that surrounds and supports the bacterial cell?

Cell wall

The _____ is the bacterial structure that acts as a selective barrier, allowing nutrients to enter the cell and wastes to leave the cell.

Plasma membrane

Which of the following clues would tell you if a cell is prokaryotic or eukaryotic?

whether or not the cell is partitioned by internal membranes

Which of the following correctly matches an organelle with its function?

Nucleus...cellular respiration
Central vacuole...storage 1
Mitochondrion...photosynthesis
Lysosome...movement
Ribosome...manufacture of lipids

Which of the following is a major difference between prokaryotic cells and eukaryotic cells?

Eukaryotic cells have membrane-bound organelles, while prokaryotic cells do not.

Which domains of life are classified as prokaryotes?

Bacteria and Archaea

Which structure is common to plant and animal cells?

Mitochondrion

What is the function of the nuclear pore complex found in eukaryotes?

It regulates the movement of proteins and RNAs into and out of the nucleus.

Beginning within the nucleus, the first step leading to the synthesis of a polypeptide is _____.

transferring of information from DNA to messenger RNA

Which of the following macromolecules leaves the nucleus of a eukaryotic cell through pores in the nuclear membrane?

mRNA

Examination of a cell by transmission electron microscopy reveals a high density of ribosomes in the cytoplasm. This observation suggests that this cell is actively producing large amounts of which of the following molecules?

Proteins

Which organelle often takes up much of the volume of a plant cell?

Central vacuole

A cell with a predominance of smooth endoplasmic reticulum is likely specialized to ________.

synthesize large quantities of lipids

Which organelle plays a role in intracellular digestion?

Lysosome

A cell has formed a food vacuole as it ingested a food particle. Which of the following events is associated with the breakdown of that food particle?

Digestion of the food particle occurs in a vesicle enclosed by a membrane that separates the digestion from the cytoplasm.

Which of the following organelles produces and modifies polysaccharides that will be secreted?

Golgi apparatus

Which organelle is the primary site of ATP synthesis in eukaryotic cells?

Mitochondrion

identify the statement below that best explains how internal membranes and the organelles of cells may be involved in Gaucher disease.

The lysosomes lack sufficient amounts of enzymes necessary for the metabolism of
lipids.

Which of the following are common traits of chloroplasts and mitochondria?

Both have their own DNA.

Thylakoids, DNA, and ribosomes are all components found in _____

chloroplasts

In a liver cell detoxifying alcohol and some other poisons, the enzymes of the peroxisome remove hydrogen from these molecules and ________.

combine the hydrogen with oxygen molecules to generate hydrogen peroxide

Cyanide binds with at least one molecule involved in producing ATP. If a cell is exposed to cyanide, most of the bound cyanide is likely to be localized within the ________.

Mitochondria

Suppose a young boy is always tired and fatigued, suffering from a metabolic disease. Which of the following organelles is most likely malfunctioning in this disease?

Mitochondira-

Motor proteins provide for molecular motion in cells by interacting with what types of cellular structures?

components of the cytoskeleton

Amoebae move by crawling over a surface (cell crawling), which involves ________.

growth of actin filaments to form bulges in the plasma membrane

Which structure is not part of the endomembrane system?

Chloroplast

Select the correct statement describing cellular structure or function.

Plant and animal cells both carry out cellular respiration, producing ATP.