In which of the following animals are the blood and the interstitial fluid considered to be the same body fluid?
grasshoppers
Which of the following best described an artery?
Arteries carry blood away from the heart
Blood returns to the heart via the______.
Pulmonary veins
From the pulmonary veins, blood flows to the______.
Left atrium
From the superior vena cava, blood flows to the____.
Right atrium
From the capillaries of the abdominal organs and hind limbs, blood flows to the_____.
Inferior vena cava
What is the function of the circulatory system?
It brings a transport liquid into close contact with all cells in the body
Why do the circulatory systems of land vertebrates have separate circuits to the lungs and to the rest of the body?
The large decrease in blood pressure as blood moves through the lungs may prevent efficient circulation through the rest of the body
True or false? The circulatory systems of land-dwelling vertebrates are composed of two pumping circuits: the systemic circulation, which is a lower-pressure circuit to the lung, and the pulmonary circulation, which is a higher-pressure circuit to the res
False
True or False? The circulatory systems of land-dwelling vertebrates are composed of two pumping circuits: the systemic circulation, which is a lower-pressure circuit to the lungs, and the pulmonary circulation, which is a higher-pressure circuit to the re
False
What is the function of the left ventricle?
It pumps oxygenated blood around the body via the systemic circulation
Which of the following statements about blood circulation in the body is true?
Valves prevent the backflow of blood into the atria and ventricles
Which event occurs first during atrial and ventricular diastole?
The atria and ventricles are relaxed, and blood flows into the atria
Which event of the cardiac cycle occurs when systolic blood pressure is measured?
The ventricles contract, carrying blood into the aorta, and blood flows into the relaxed atria
Which statement regarding the mammalian heart is correct?
In the adult heart, blood in the right chambers of the heart cannot enter the left chambers without passing through the lungs
Stroke occurs when_______.
A blood clot enters the cerebral circulation, blocking an artery and causing the death of brain tissues
Voice sounds are produced by the______.
Larynx
The primary functions of the_______ are to warm, filter, and humidify air
Nasal cavity
Which of the following organisms has no specialized respiratory structures?
Earthworms
An advantage of gas exchange in freshwater, compared with gas exchange in air, is that______.
Water loss through evaporation across the respiratory surface can be minimized
The smallest airway through which inspired air passes before gas exchange occurs in the mammalian lungs in the_______.
Bronchiole
____ in carbon dioxide in your red blood cells, which causes_____ in pH, causes your breathing to speed up.
An increase....a drop
The amount of oxygen bound to hemoglobin____.
Increases in the presence of high concentrations of oxygen
Inhalation steps:
Diaphragm and rib muscles contract
Lung volume increases
Air moves into nose and down trachea, bronchi, and bronchioles
Air enters alveoli
O2 diffuses into blood: CO2 diffuses into alveoli
Exhalation steps:
Diaphragm and rib muscles relax
Lung volume decreases
Air moves out of alveoli
Air moves up bronchioles, bronchi, and trachea
Air leaves nose and mouth
Oxygen only
Required for cellular respiration
Net diffusion from alveoli to lung capillaries
Carbon Dioxide only
Net diffusion from body tissues to blood
Waste product of cellular respiration
Sometimes transported as bicarbonate
Net diffusion from lung capillaries to alveoli
Both oxygen and Carbon Dioxide
Transported by hemoglobin
Enters alveoli during inhalation
Select the correct statement about the three-chambered hearts of amphibians and nonbird reptiles?
The three-chambered hearts of amphibians and nonbird reptiles are facultative, allowing variation in blood flow through the heart
Why does the velocity of blood slow greatly as blood flows from arterioles into capillaries?
Because capillary beds have a total cross-sectional area much greater than the total cross-sectional area of the arterioles
How are gases transported in insect bodies?
In tracheal systems