Chapter 27: The Reproductive System exam

The dartos and cremaster muscles are important to the integrity of the male reproductive system. Which of the following is true about the role they play?
A) They contract to push sperm along the ductus deferens.
B) They regulate the temperature of the tes

B) They regulate the temperature of the testes.

The ability of sperm cells to move along the ductus deferens is due to ________.
A) gravity
B) peristaltic contractions
C) enzymatic activity
D) hormonal action

B) peristaltic contractions

The ability of a male to ejaculate is due to the action of ________.
A) parasympathetic nerves
B) the dartos muscle
C) luteinizing hormone
D) the bulbospongiosus muscles

D) the bulbospongiosus muscles

The most important risk for testicular cancer in young males is ________.
A) smoking
B) a diet high in fat
C) nondescent of the testes
D) sexually transmitted infections

C) nondescent of the testes

Which of the following glands are responsible for 60% of the synthesis of semen?
A) the seminal vesicles
B) the bulbourethral glands
C) the prostate
D) the pituitary

A) the seminal vesicles

Which of the following hormones controls the release of anterior pituitary gonadotropins?
A) LH
B) FSH
C) GnRH
D) testosterone

C) GnRH

Development of male reproductive structures depends on which of the following events?
A) that the female hormones are suppressed during pregnancy
B) the suppression of inhibin
C) secretion of male hormones prenatally and lasting into the first few months

C) secretion of male hormones prenatally and lasting into the first few months after birth

The primary function of the uterus is to ________.
A) protect the ovaries
B) synthesize female hormones
C) regulate the ovarian and menstrual cycles
D) receive, retain, and nourish a fertilized ovum

D) receive, retain, and nourish a fertilized ovum

Why is the blood-testis barrier important?
A) because spermatozoa and developing cells produce surface antigens that are recognized as foreign by the immune system
B) because some blood contents are toxic to the spermatozoa
C) because immature sperm cells

A) because spermatozoa and developing cells produce surface antigens that are recognized as foreign by the immune system

The structures that receive the ovulated oocyte, providing a site for fertilization, are called the ________.
A) Graafian follicles
B) fallopian tubes
C) infundibula
D) fimbriae

B) fallopian tubes

If gametes were diploid like somatic cells, how many chromosomes would the zygote contain?
A) twice the diploid number, and with every succeeding generation, the chromosome number would continue to double and normal development could not occur
B) triple t

A) twice the diploid number, and with every succeeding generation, the chromosome number would continue to double and normal development could not occur

Human egg and sperm are similar in that ________.
A) about the same number of each is produced per month
B) they have the same degree of motility
C) they have the same number of chromosomes
D) they are about the same size

C) they have the same number of chromosomes

The constancy of the chromosome number from one cell generation to the next is maintained through ________.
A) mitosis
B) meiosis
C) cytokinesis
D) DNA synthesis

B) meiosis

Fertilization generally occurs in the ________.
A) ovary
B) uterus
C) vagina
D) fallopian tubes

D) fallopian tubes

Spermiogenesis involves the ________.
A) formation of four haploid cells from a spermatogonium
B) movement of sperm in the female genital tract
C) formation of a functional sperm by the stripping away of superfluous cytoplasm
D) sequence of events in the

C) formation of a functional sperm by the stripping away of superfluous cytoplasm

All of the following can be considered male secondary sex characteristics except the ________.
A) development of body hair
B) lowering of the voice
C) development of testes as opposed to ovaries
D) increasing mass of the skeleton

C) development of testes as opposed to ovaries

In humans, separation of the cells at the two-cell state following fertilization may lead to the production of twins, which in this case would be ________.
A) dizygotic
B) identical
C) fraternal
D) of different sexes

B) identical

Characteristics of the mature sperm include the ________.
A) presence of two X chromosomes in approximately half the sperm
B) presence of Y chromosomes in approximately half the sperm
C) absence of an acrosome
D) absence of coiled mitochondria

B) presence of Y chromosomes in approximately half the sperm

How do the testes respond to exposure to excessive body warmth?
A) They move close to the pelvic cavity.
B) They move away from the pelvic cavity.
C) Excessive warmth has no effect on the testicles because of their location in the scrotum.
D) Excessive wa

B) They move away from the pelvic cavity.

Effects of estrogen include ________.
A) increased oiliness of the skin
B) deepening of the voice
C) growth of the breasts at puberty
D) growth of the larynx

C) growth of the breasts at puberty

Secretion of progesterone stimulates ________.
A) contraction of uterine muscles
B) preparation of the mammary glands for lactation
C) secretory activity of the uterine myometrium
D) development of the female secondary sex characteristics

B) preparation of the mammary glands for lactation

Which of the following statements about sperm is not true?
A) They contain very little cytoplasm or stored nutrients.
B) They are sluggish in an alkaline environment.
C) The acrosome is produced by the Golgi apparatus and contains hydrolytic enzymes.
D) T

D) The sperm midpiece consists of mitochondria spiraled tightly around the contractile filaments of the tail

The cells that produce testosterone in the testis are called ________.
A) spermatocytes
B) spermatogonia
C) sustentacular cells
D) interstitial cells

D) interstitial cells

The testicular cells that construct the blood-testis barrier are the ________.
A) spermatocytes
B) spermatogonia
C) sustentacular cells
D) interstitial cells

C) sustentacular cells

Which of the following occurs as a result of undescended testes?
A) Male sex hormones will not be circulated in the body.
B) Sperm will have no means of exit from the body.
C) Inadequate or nonviable sperm will be produced.
D) Inadequate blood supply will

C) Inadequate or nonviable sperm will be produced.

Erection of the penis results from ________.
A) a sympathetic reflex
B) parasympathetic activation of the bulbourethral glands
C) dilation of the veins in the penis
D) a parasympathetic reflex

D) a parasympathetic reflex

Which is not a part of the proliferative phase of the female menstrual cycle?
A) late in this phase, cervical mucus becomes thin and crystalline
B) vesicular follicle growth
C) corpus luteum
D) development of endometrial cells

C) corpus luteum

Which of the choices below is not a function of the vagina?
A) serves as a passageway for the primary oocyte
B) serves as a passageway for menstrual flow
C) is the birth canal
D) receives semen from the penis during sexual intercourse

A) serves as a passageway for the primary oocyte

Select the correct statement about male sexual response.
A) Sympathetic impulses are responsible for causing penile arteriolar dilation, resulting in erection.
B) Erection is the result of vascular spaces in the erectile tissues filling with blood.
C) Exp

B) Erection is the result of vascular spaces in the erectile tissues filling with blood.

Which of the choices below is not a function of testosterone?
A) stimulates the male pattern of development
B) contributes to male sexual behavior and spermatogenesis
C) stimulates protein synthesis
D) stimulates mammary gland development

D) stimulates mammary gland development

Which male hormone inhibits the secretion of FSH?
A) ACTH
B) inhibin
C) ICSH
D) testosterone

B) inhibin

During the secretory phase of the menstrual cycle ________.
A) LH reaches its highest levels
B) progesterone levels are at their highest
C) estrogen reaches its highest levels
D) the Graafian follicle forms

B) progesterone levels are at their highest

Select the correct statement about the uterine cycle.
A) The menstrual phase of the cycle is from day 1 to day 8.
B) During the secretory phase, estrogen levels are at their highest.
C) During the proliferative phase, levels of progesterone rise as the fo

D) If fertilization occurs, the corpus luteum is maintained by a hormone secreted by the developing embryo

Which of the choices below is not a part of the brain-testicular axis?
A) hypothalamus
B) anterior pituitary gland
C) thalamus
D) testes

C) thalamus

Which of the following statements is true concerning the mammary glands of both males and females?
A) Both sexes are equally prone to breast cancer.
B) All lumps identified in breast tissue are malignant.
C) The only time hormones target breast tissue is

D) The mammary glands are modified sweat glands that are actually part of the integumentary system

Normally menstruation occurs when ________.
A) blood levels of FSH fall off
B) blood levels of estrogen and progesterone decrease
C) blood levels of estrogen and progesterone increase
D) the corpus luteum secretes estrogen

B) blood levels of estrogen and progesterone decrease

The basic difference between spermatogenesis and oogenesis is that ________.
A) during spermatogenesis two more polar bodies are produced
B) the mature ovum is n, while the sperm is 2n
C) in oogenesis, one mature ovum is produced, and in spermatogenesis f

C) in oogenesis, one mature ovum is produced, and in spermatogenesis four mature sperm are produced from the parent cell

Occasionally three polar bodies are found clinging to the mature ovum. One came from an unequal division of the ovum, but from where did the other two arise?
A) There were originally four polar bodies and one disappeared.
B) One is an undeveloped primary

C) The first polar body has also divided to produce two polar bodies.

Which of the following will occur after ovulation?
A) The corpus luteum secretes estrogen only.
B) The endometrium enters its secretory phase.
C) The secretion of anterior pituitary gonadotropins is enhanced.
D) The corpus luteum prepares to become a corp

B) The endometrium enters its secretory phase.

Why doesn't semen enter the urinary bladder during ejaculation?
A) There is no common duct between the reproductive system and the urinary system.
B) There is no urge to urinate during sexual intercourse because of the suppression of LH by testosterone bu

C) The smooth muscle sphincter at the base of the urinary bladder closes.

Spermatogenesis ________.
A) is the process of releasing mature sperm cells into the lumen of the seminiferous tubule
B) involves a kind of cell division limited to the gametes
C) results in the formation of diploid cells
D) uses mitosis to produce gamete

B) involves a kind of cell division limited to the gametes

Which hormone is absolutely necessary for ovulation to occur?
A) LH
B) FSH
C) progesterone
D) estrogen

A) LH

The brain-testicular axis ________.
A) is the tight relationship between the cortex and the control of testicular function
B) involves FSH and LH release
C) involves posterior pituitary release of regulating hormones
D) involves a positive feedback loop c

B) involves FSH and LH release

Select the correct statement about testosterone control.
A) GnRH from the hypothalamus causes FSH and LH release from the anterior pituitary.
B) FSH stimulates testicular production of testosterone.
C) Inhibin and testosterone exert positive feedback on t

A) GnRH from the hypothalamus causes FSH and LH release from the anterior pituitary.

Which of the following is a correct statement about uterine tubes?
A) The ampulla is the narrow constricted region.
B) The infundibulum is the funnel-shaped region near the ovary.
C) The isthmus is the normal site of fertilization.
D) The mesometrium supp

B) The infundibulum is the funnel-shaped region near the ovary.

Select the correct statement about the hormonal events of the ovarian cycle.
A) Rising levels of estrogen start follicle development.
B) High estrogen levels result in a surge of LH release.
C) The follicle begins to secrete progesterone in response to es

B) High estrogen levels result in a surge of LH release.

Which of these statements about sexually transmitted infections is false?
A) Chlamydia is caused by bacteria that can often be asymptomatic or bring on a wide variety of symptoms.
B) Gonorrhea is caused by a bacterium that can bring on painful discharges

C) Syphilis is caused by a virus that may lead to death if untreated.

Which of the following statements about spermatogenesis is not true?
A) The spermatogonium forms the primary spermatocyte.
B) The primary spermatocyte forms two secondary spermatocytes.
C) The secondary spermatocytes each form two spermatids.
D) Each sper

D) Each spermatid forms two sperm

A boy who has not passed through puberty sustains an injury to his anterior pituitary such that FSH is no longer released, but LH is normal. After he grows to maturity, one would expect that he would ________.
A) be sterile
B) not develop secondary sex ch

A) be sterile

Which of the following statements about the female reproductive process is not true?
A) Fertilization usually occurs in the fallopian tube.
B) Ovulation usually occurs 14 days after the beginning of menses.
C) Rebuilding the endometrium is under the contr

C) Rebuilding the endometrium is under the control of prolactin.

A low secretion of luteinizing hormone (LH) in the normal male adult would cause ________.
A) decreased testosterone secretion
B) excessive beard growth
C) increased spermatogenesis
D) shrinkage of the anterior pituitary gland

A) decreased testosterone secretion

All of the following statements referring to the uterine cycle are true except ________.
A) FSH and LH directly promote development of the uterine endometrium
B) estrogen is secreted by the developing follicle in the follicular phase of the cycle
C) the c

A) FSH and LH directly promote development of the uterine endometrium

Which of the following phases or processes in the monthly reproductive cycle of the female occur simultaneously?
A) maximal LH secretion and menstruation
B) maximal steroid secretion by the corpus luteum and menstruation
C) early follicular development an

D) regression of the corpus luteum and a decrease in ovarian progesterone secretion

The duct system of the male reproductive system does not include the ________.
A) epididymis
B) urethra
C) ductus deferens
D) corpus spongiosum

D) corpus spongiosum

An ovulating oocyte is actually activated by hormones about ________ days before ovulation.
A) 14
B) 28
C) 85
D) 110

D) 110

Prostate cancer is _______.
A) the number-one cause of death in men
B) sometimes a slow-growing cancer that may never represent a threat to the patient
C) most common in Asians
D) often the result of a distortion of the urethra

B) sometimes a slow-growing cancer that may never represent a threat to the patient

DYSMENORRHEA

Painful menstruation, may reflect abnormally high prostaglandin activity during menses

ENDOMETRIAL CANCER

cancer which arises from the uterine endometrium (usually from uterine glands)
4th most common cancer of women
signs: vaginal bleeding
risks: obesity and HRT

ENDOMETRIOSIS

An inflammatory condition in which endometrial tissue occurs and grows atypically in the pelvic cavity.
Characterized by abnormal uterine or rectal bleeding, dysmenorreah, and pelvic pain. May cause sterility

GYNECOLOGY

specialized branch of medicine that deals with the diagnosis and treatment of female reproductive disorders

GYNECOMASTIA

development of breast tissue in the male
a consequence of adrenal cortex hypersecretion of estrogens and marijuana use

HYSTERECTOMY

surgical removal of the uterus

INGUINAL HERNIA

protrusion of part of the intestine into the scrotum or through a separation in the abdominal muscles in the groin region. Since the inguinal canals represent weak points in the abdominal wall. Inguinal hernia may be caused by heavy lifting or other activ

LAPAROSCOPY

examination of the abdominopelvic cavity with a laprascope, a viewing device at the end of a thin tube inserted through the anterior abdominal wall. Often used to assess the conditions of the pelvic reproductive organs of females

OOPHORECTOMY

surgical removal of the ovary

ORCHITIS

inflammation of the testes sometimes caused by the mumps virus

OVARIAN CANCER

malignancy that typically arises from cells in the germinal epithelial covering of the ovary.
5th most common reproductive system cancer
symptoms are non descript and easily overlooked
pain, nausea, bloating and flatulence
Diagnosis may involve palpatatin

OVARIAN CYSTS

most common disorder of the ovary. non malignant
SIMPLE FOLLICLE RETENTION CYSTS single or clustered follicles become enlarged with clear fluid
DERMOID CYSTS filled with thick yellow fluid and contain partially developed hair, bone teeth etc
CHOCOLATE CYS

POLYCYSTIC OVARY SYNDROME (PCOS)

most common endocrinopathy in woman, most common cause of anovulatory infertility. Affects 5 to 10% of women
characterized by signs of androgen excess, increased cardiovascular risk, linked to obesity and insulin resistance.
treat with insulin sensitizing

SALPINGITIS

inflammation of the uterine tubes