Raynaud's disease ________.
is characterized by exaggerated vasoconstriction in the extremities
An increase in the calcium ion level in the sarcoplasm starts the sliding of the thin filaments. When the level of calcium ions declines, sliding stops.
true
The anatomy of the thoracic cage provides ridged support and protection but at the same time is also flexible and mobile. Of the list below, which feature does not aid in the flexibility and movement of the thoracic cage?
the jugular notch
Which of the bones of the skull would you most associate with hearing and balance?
petrous part of the temporal bone
The structure that allows equalization of the pressure in the middle ear with that outside the body is the external auditory meatus.
false
The functions of centrioles include ________.
organizing the mitotic spindle in cell division
Of the following items listed below, which is the best description for why skeletal muscle stores glycogen.
skeletal muscle is a heavy consumer of energy
Which of the following muscles serves as a common intramuscular injection site, particularly in infants as the buttocks and arm muscles are poorly developed?
the vastus lateralis
Muscle tone is ________.
a state of sustained partial contraction
The limbic system acts as our emotional, or affective (feelings), brain.
true
A fracture of the ethmoid bone could result in damage to which cranial nerve?
olfactory nerve
The trabeculae of spongy bone are oriented toward lines of stress.
true
Visible light fits between ________.
UV and infrared
What structural level is represented by the coiling of the protein chain backbone into an alpha helix?
secondary structure
It is the difference in the R group that makes each amino acid chemically unique.
true
The gripping of the trochlea by the trochlear notch constitutes the "hinge" for the elbow joint.
true
Second-order neurons of ascending pathways that contribute to sensory perception terminate in the ________.
thalamus
Thyroid hormone (a small iodinated amine) enters target cells in a manner similar to ________.
steroid hormones, because both diffuse easily into target cells
Most blood vessels are innervated by the sympathetic division alone.
true
The pelvic girdle does not include the ________.
sacrum
If a post synaptic neuron is stimulated to threshold by spatial summation this implies that ________.
The postsynatpic cell has many synapses with many presynaptic neurons
Bill is a mechanic that works with vibrating tools. He also exerts force on his wrists when twisting wrenches and screws. Bill has a tingling sensation in the lateral portion of his hand. The doctor suspects carpal tunnel syndrome. Which of the following
median nerve and several tendons crowd into tunnel compressing the nerve
The single most important risk for skin cancer is ________.
overexposure to UV radiation
If cells are placed in a hypertonic solution containing a solute to which the membrane is impermeable, what could happen?
the cells will lose water and shrink
The bones in the skull have many different names but what are the boundaries of each bone? Where do they start and stop?
...
An individual with a "double-jointed" thumb can pull it back towards the wrist much farther than normal. What does it mean to be "double-jointed?
hyperextension
The major targets of growth hormone are ________.
bones and skeletal muscles
Bisphenol-A (BPA) is an endocrine disruptor that can leach out of certain plastics. It disrupts the normal function of the endocrine system my mimicking estrogen. Which of the following explains how persistent small amounts of BPA in the body can have eff
They can disrupt the endocrine system by attaching to estrogen receptor molecules.
can impair reproductive systems and sexual development and cause physical and behavioral disorders.
Glucose is an example of a monosaccharide.
true
The brain and spinal cord begin as an embryonic structure called the neural plate.
true
The genetic information encoded in DNA by the regular alternation of sugar and phosphate molecules.
false; sequence of nucleotides
A disturbance of posture, muscle tremors at rest, and uncontrolled muscle contraction are all symptoms of damage to the basal nuclei.
true
Steroid hormones exert their action by ________.
entering the nucleus of a cell and initiating or altering the expression of a gene
For intramembranous ossification to take place, which of the following is necessary?
An ossification center forms in the fibrous connective tissue
In the classification of joints, which of the following is true?
All synovial joints are freely movable.
Baseball pitchers often require "Tommy John" surgery to repair damage to their elbow. Which ligament would this surgery target?
ulnar collateral ligament
The "true wrist" or carpus consists of ________.
a group of eight short bones united by ligaments
Complicated interlacing of the ventral rami form networks called nerve plexus. The crisscrossing of the nerve fibers from the various spinal nerves is advantageous because ________.
damage to one spinal segment or root cannot completely paralyze any limb muscle
Chondroblasts ________.
within the cartilage, divide and secrete new matrix
name 4 tropic hormones of anterior pituitary gland
follicle-stimulating (FSH), luteinizing (LH), adrenocorticotropic (ACTH), and thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH).
In humans, the effect of the hormone calcitonin is to ________.
treat Paget's disease and osteoporosis
Which of the following is true about smooth muscle?
Certain smooth muscle cells can actually divide to increase their numbers.
Some of the nerve endings in the skin are sensitive to changes in temperature. They are part of a negative feedback mechanism regulating body temperature. These nerve endings represent a(n) ________ in the negative feedback mechanism.
receptor
If active transport establishes a concentration gradient with the use of ATP, then the concentration gradient can be looked at as ________.
potential energy that can be harnessed when molecules passively diffuse down the concentration gradient
Aquaporins are believed to be present in red blood cells and kidney tubules, but not in any other cells in the body.
false
Which category of memory is involved when playing the piano?
procedural
The major regions of a hair shaft include all of the following except ________.
external root sheath
The flexor muscles in the anterior arm (biceps brachii and brachialis) are innervated by what nerve?
median
The superior nasal concha is a part of which bone?
ethmoid
Tendon sheaths ________.
act as friction reducing structures
Oxytocin is a strong stimulant of uterine contractions.
true
Sorting of sensory information and relaying it to the appropriate cerebral sensory area occurs in the hypothalamus.
false
The axial skeleton includes ________.
the skull, vertebral column, and rib cage
Which of the following does NOT describe enzymes?
Enzymes work by raising the energy of activation.
Extracapsular ligaments stabilizing the knee include ________.
fibular and tibial collateral ligaments, which prevent lateral or medial rotation
Muscles that help to maintain posture are best described as synergists.
false; fixators
The dens articulates with the occipital bone.
true
Select the correct statement regarding chemical synapses.
The synaptic cleft uses the action potential to transmit a chemical signal to the post synaptic cell.
Which of the following is implicated in osteoporosis in older women?
estrogen deficiency due to menopause
Autonomic ganglia are sights of synapse and information transmission from preganglionic to postganglionic neurons.
true
The arrector pili muscle's predominate, useful function in humans is to ________.
assisting in the release sebum from nearby sebaceous glands
Which of the following are cartilaginous joints?
synchondroses
In a crossed-extensor reflex, if the right arm was grabbed it would flex and the left arm would ________.
extend
The dermis contains blood vessels and nerve fibers while the epidermis does not.
true
Which of the following hormones suppresses appetite and increases energy expenditure?
leptin
In some cases the epiphyseal plate of the long bones of children closes too early. What might be the cause?
elevated levels of sex hormones
The elasticity of the lens decreases with age. This leads to which of the following?
lowered accommodation of the pupillary reflex and blurry vision
Amino acids joining together to make a peptide is a good example of a(n) ________ reaction
synthesis
A fall or an improperly delivered gluteal injection could result in ________.
sciatica
Sympathetic responses generally are widespread because ________.
NE and epinephrine are secreted into the blood as part of the sympathetic response
Which of the following muscles is involved in inversion at the ankle joint?
tibialis anterior
Articulations permitting only slight degrees of movement are ________.
amphiarthroses