What is the chemical formula for cellular respiration?
C6H1206 + 6O2 ---> 6CO2 +6 H2O + ATP
Cellular respiration occurs in the:
Mitochondria
Glycolysis breaks down glucose into:
2 pyruvate
Where do the 2 pyruvate from glycolysis go and what do they form?
They enter the mitochondria and are oxidized to become AcetylCoA
After pyruvate are oxidized to become AcetylCoA, they enter the:
Citric acid cycle
The CAC breaks down glucose into:
CO2
In glycolysis and the CAC, redox reactions occur. What transfers into what?
NAD+ and FAD become NADH and FADH2
What step is after the citric acid cycle?
Oxidative phosphorylation
What are the two parts of oxidative phosphorylation?
The electron transport chain and chemiosmosis
What happens in the ETC?
NADH passes e- down the chain
At the end of the ETC, what is formed?
Water
Energy released at each step of the ETC goes where?
Stored in the mitochondria to make ATP from ADP
Oxidative phosphorylation is powered by:
REDOX reactions
Where does oxidative phosphorylation occur?
Inner membrane of the mitochondria
90% of ATP generation is from what stage of cellular respiration?
Oxidative phosphorylation
Catabolic pathways ________________ energy
Release
Anabolic pathways _________________ energy
Consume
Catabolic are exergonic/endergonic and have high/low entropy?
Exergonic; high entropy
Anabolic are exergonic/endergonic and have high/low entropy?
Endergonic; low entropy
The citric acid cycle is also known as the:
Krebs cycle
Pyruvate oxidation is also known as the:
Link reaction
What are the reactants of glycolysis?
Glucose and 2 ATP
What is the electron acceptor in glycolysis?
NAD+; takes e- from glucose
During pyruvate oxidation, the pyruvate is decarboxylated; what does this mean?
CO2 is released
Pyruvate releases ______ and becomes _________ during pyruvate oxidation?
CO2; AcetylCoA
Is any ATP produced during pyruvate oxidation?
No
What is produced besides AcetylCoA during pyruvate oxidation?
NADH
What are the products of pyruvate oxidation?
2 Acetyl CoA
2 CO2
2 NADH
Why are the products of pyruvate oxidation all 2?
Because there are 2 molecules of glucose and each glucose molecule makes 1
Where does the citric acid cycle take place?
The mitochondrial matrix
What molecule is introduced at the beginning of the citric acid cycle?
Acetyl CoA
Is oxygen needed as a reactant for the citric acid cycle?
No
What are the products of the citric acid cycle?
6 NADH
2 FADH2
2 ATP
2 CO2
Do pyruvate and the citric acid cycle have oxygen as a reactant?
No, but oxygen needs to be present in order for them to occur
If oxygen is present, then glycolysis is followed by:
Cellular respiration
If oxygen is not present, then glycolysis is followed by:
Fermentation
Glucose molecules enter the cell through:
GLUT4 transporters
In the final step of glycolysis ATP is made through the process of:
Substrate level phosphorylation
NADH and FADH2 are produced during what phases of cellular respiration?
Glycolysis, pyruvate oxidation, and the citric acid cycle
In oxidative phosphorylation NADH and FADH2 are used to:
Make ATP
Where does oxidative phosphorylation take place?
Protein complexes in the inner mitochondrial membrane
Where is the highest concentration of H+ located in oxidative phosphorylation?
In between the inner & outer mitochondrial membranes
How do H+ ions reach in between the two membranes?
Facilitated diffusion with a protein
What provides the energy necessary to pump H+ ions across the inner mitochondrial membrane?
High potential energy electrons
What molecules carry the electrons through the ETC?
NADH and FADH2
Where did the electron acceptor molecules (NADH and FADH2) come from?
Produced in glycolysis and the citric acid cycle
When e- are released from the electron acceptor molecules, what else is produced?
H+ ions
What molecule if the final electron acceptor after the electron has moved through the ETC?
O2
What compound is formed as a final product of the ETC?
H2O
Is any ATP used or made in the ETC?
No
ETC is simply the ___________ of electrons
Transfer
In chemiosmosis the movement of H+ ions is moving from a ______ to _______ concentration
High to low; facilitated diffusion
What is the name of the embedded protein that provides a channel for the hydrogen ions to pass through the membrane?
ATP synthase
During oxidative phosphorylation what molecule is being phosphorylated?
ADP
What is the net production of ATP from cellular respiration?
38 ATP
Glycolysis: 2
Link: 0
Krebs: 2
Oxi. Phos.: 34