The nutrient used almost exclusively for ATP production is __________ .
glucose
The liver produces about ___ of blood cholesterol.
85%
Which of the following is an essential fatty acid?
Triglyceride
Linoleic acid
Leucine
Tyrosine
Linoleic acid
Which of the following is a lipid that is NOT used for energy?
Triglyceride
Fatty acid
Cholesterol
Saturated fat
Cholesterol
A negative nitrogen balance would be present in which situation?
Starvation
Which vitamin in extreme excess causes liver damage?
Niacin
Most vitamins are used as __________ .
coenzymes
This mineral is widely distributed in our plasma and tissue fluid (extracellular fluid).
Sodium
This mineral is the most abundant mineral in the human body.
Calcium
All of the following foods are rich in minerals EXCEPT __________ .
vegetables
olive oil
milk
legumes
olive oil
The primary function of cellular respiration is __________ .
to produce ATP
The end product of glycolysis is __________ .
pyruvic acid
Which of the following occurs in the cytoplasm?
Glycolysis
The citric acid cycle
The electron transport chain
Oxidative phosphorylation
Glycolysis
What is the four-carbon molecule that starts the citric acid cycle?
Oxaloacetic acid
Which of the following statements is FALSE in regard to redox reactions?
Oxidized substances may gain oxygen.
Oxidized substances may lose hydrogen.
Reduced substances lose energy.
Redox reactions are catalyzed by enzymes.
Reduced substances lose energy.
Which of the following is NOT one of the three main processes that occurs during protein metabolism?
Beta oxidation
Oxidative deamination
Transamination
Keto acid modification
Beta oxidation
Which of the following are lipids that are routinely used for energy?
Phospholipids
Steroids
Triglycerides
Amino acids
Triglycerides
Glucose molecules are combined to form glycogen in a process called __________ .
glycogenesis
What is the formation of glucose from noncarbohydrate molecules called?
Gluconeogenesis
All of the following are pathways of glucose catabolism EXCEPT __________ .
glycolysis
gluconeogenesis
the citric acid cycle
the electron transport chain
gluconeogenesis
Which of the following is a product of catabolism?
Oxygen
Proteins
Heat
Oxygen and heat
Heat
Which of the following is a substance that transports cholesterol to the liver for degradation?
Very low density lipoprotein (VLDL)
Low-density lipoprotein (LDL)
High-density lipoprotein (HDL)
Chylomicron
High-density lipoprotein (HDL)
Insulin promotes all of the following EXCEPT __________ .
gluconeogenesis
protein synthesis
glycogenesis
lipogenesis
gluconeogenesis
Which of the following is the critical factor influencing BMR?
Age
Body surface area
Weight
Gender
Body surface area
Which of the following substances does NOT suppress appetite and increase satiety?
Neuropeptide Y
Leptin
Insulin
Cholecystokinin
Neuropeptide Y
An excess of this nutrient has been linked to bone loss.
Protein