The Primary site of Cellular Respiration
Mitochondria
What is Oxidation
Removal of Hydrogen Ions from a molecule
Which of the following are the reactants for cellular respiration?
- Glucose
- Oxygen
Which of the following are inputs of cellular respiration AND outputs of photosynthesis
- Glucose
- Oxygen
Steps of Glycolysis
1: ATP transfer Phosphate groups to substrates
2: G3P is produced
3: NADH is produced
4. 4 ATP are produced
Which of the following is produced during cellular respiration
Carbon Dioxide
In cellular respiration, which molecule is oxidized
Glucose
In cellular respiration __________ is oxidized to _________
Glucose: Carbon Dioxide
True or False: Cellular respiration is essentially the reverse of photosynthesis
True
Glycolysis requires an initial energy investment, which allows for the production of relatively larger quantities of ATP during __________
The energy harvesting step
Define cellular respiration
Metabolic reactions that use the energy from carbohydrate, fatty acid, or amino acid breakdown to produce ATP molecules
Oxidation is the removal of electron and _________ ions from a molecule
Hydrogen
Choose the correct chemical equation for cellular respiration
Glucose + Oxygen yields carbon dioxide and water + energy
Which step in Glycolysis produces to NADH molecule?
Energy Harvesting
How much energy is required in order for the energy investment step for Glycolysis
2 ATP
What would occur during the energy-investment step of Glycolysis, if there were 4 ATP molecules available
Two glucose molecules would be broken down
The 1st step of glycolysis begin with ___________ and ends with two pyruvate molecules
Glucose
During glycolysis, one glucose is converted into two _____________ molecules
Pyruvate
Which of the following occurs during the energy-investment step of glycolysis
ATP is broken down to ADP
Which process produces lactate?
fermentation
Identify the reactants in the energy investment step of aerobic respiration
ATP
A ____________ is transferred from ADP to ATP
Phosphate Group
Which of the following are outputs of glycolysis
- NADH
- Pyruvate
- ATP
In an animal cell, such as a human cell, the end result of fermentation is
lactate
What process can be used to convert glucose into ATP when there is a lack of oxygen
Fermentation
steps in lactic acid fermentation
1: 2 ATP are invested
2: NADH is produced
3: 4 ATP are produced for a net gain of 2 ATP
4: Pyruvate is produced
5: NADH gives up two electrons and a hydrogen ion to another molecule
6: Lactic acid is produced
During oxygen deficit ______________ is transported to the liver and reconverted to Pyruvate
Lactate
During glycolysis, a net of _______ ATP are produced.
Four
What process can be used to convert glucose into ATP when there is a lack of oxygen?
Fermentation
What is the end product of fermentation in yeast?
Alcohol
What event indicated that we are no longer in oxygen defict
When enough oxygen is present to completely break down glucose
The preparatory steps, the citric acid cycle, and the electron transport chain occur inside the organelles called _____________
Mitochondria
During the preparatory reactions, how many molecules of CO2 are produced per glucose molecule?
2
When sprinting, muscle cells produce most of their ATP energy via process?
Fermentation
During Fermentation in Yeast, which end product causes bread to rise?
Carbon Dioxide
During a period of oxygen deficit, most ATP is produced via:
fermentation
What steps of cellular respiration take place in the mitochondria?
- Preparatory steps
- Electron Transport Chain
- The Citric acid cycle
In the presence of oxygen, the pyruvate from glycolysis enters which of the following:
Preparatory Reactions
Where, specifically, does citric acid cycle occur?
matrix of mitochondria
Which of the following electrons and hydrogen ion carriers are produced during the citric acid cycle?
- FADH2
- ADP
The preparatory steps, the citric acid cycle, and the electron transport chain occur inside the organelles called
Mitochondria
Fermentation in yeasts yields ATP, carbon dioxide, and ethyl
alcohol
Which of the following occurs during the citric acid cycle
Substrate-level ATP synthesis
The input into the citric acid cycle are
- acetyl group
- ADP
- FAD
- NAD+
When NADH donates electrons to the first carrier molecule in the electron transport chain, the carrier molecule is
reduced
What is formed during the citric acid cycle when the acetyl group is oxidized
Carbon Dioxide
What happens to the oxygen at the end of the electron transport chain?
It forms water
What happens to the electron carriers (NADH and FADH2) after the electron transport chain?
Both are recycle to their low energy form and return to carry more electron
The outputs from the citric acid cycle are
- CO2
- NADH
- ATP
- FADH2
In the electron transport chain, electrons from NADH provide enough energy to produce __________ molecule(s) of ATP, while electrons from FADH2 produce _______________ ATP molecules
3: 2
In the electron transport chain of cellular respiration, electrons are passed from one molecule to the next. As the electrons move down the chain their energy level change from a ___________ energy level to a ___________ energy level
1: Higher or high
2: Lower or low
Because it attracts electrons to a greater degree than other carrier in the electron transport chain, _______________ is well-suited to be the final electron acceptor combining with H+ to form a water molecule
Oxygen
Once they give up electrons and H+, and NADPH and FADH2 become
NAD+ and FAD
Match the typical ATP production of the different steps of cellular respiration
Glycolysis - 4 ATP (2 as a net gain)
Citric acid cycle - 2 ATP
Electron Transport Chain - 34 ATP
Which cycle produces the greater amount of ATP
Glycolysis
The products of the process of fats and oils that occurs before they enter cellular respiration and are broken down
Fatty acids and Glycerol
One molecule of glucose will produce a maximum of _________ ATP during aerobic respiration
38
Identify the two parts that an amino acid are broken down into during cellular respiration
- Ammonia
- Hydrocarbon backbone
For each molecule of glucose, glycolysis produces
the same net number of ATP as the citric acid cycle
When being used as an energy source, a fatty acid is converted into ______ groups which then enter the citric acid cycle
acetyl
If 1 molecule of glucose produces 10 molecules of NADH and 2 molecules of FADH2, how much ATP is produced in the ETC?
34
Which component of the amino acid can be used during the cellular respiration pathway?
Hydrocarbon Backbone
Glycolysis and the citric acid cycle each have a net ATP production of
2
In what forms will the products of protein digestion enter cellular respiration
- acetyl-CoA
- during the citric acid cycle
- pyruvate