Chapter 9

Acetyl CoA
A. is formed within mitochondria by the reduction of pyruvate.
B. is formed within mitochondria by the oxidation of fatty acids.
C. is formed in the cytoplasm by the oxidation of glucose.
D. is used for the synthesis of sugars.
E. is formed in

B. is formed within mitochondria by the oxidation of fatty acids.

The end products of glycolysis are
A. pyruvate.
B. pyruvate, ATP, and NAD+.
C. acetylCoA, ATP, and NAD+.
D. pyruvate, ATP, and NADH.
E. acetylCoA, ATP, and NADH.

D. pyruvate, ATP, and NADH.

. A suspension of yeast supplied with glucose as its source of energy was transferred from an aerobic environment to an anaerobic one. What do you think would happen to the rate of glucose utilization and the rate of ethanol production after the transfer?

C. Both glucose usage and ethanol production would increase.

Which of the statements below about the citric acid cycle is false?
A. The cycle releases less energy than glycolysis.
B. CO2 is released during operation of the cycle.
C. The cycle takes place in the mitochondrial matrix.
D. The cycle requires NAD+ and F

A. The cycle releases less energy than glycolysis.

. Which one of the following reactions is not an oxidation-reduction reaction?
A. NADH + 1/2O2 + H+ ? NAD+ + H2O
B. R-CH=CH-CH3 + H2O ? RCH2-CH(OH)-CH3
C. FAD + H2O ? FADH2 + 1/2O2
D. NADH + acetaldehyde ? NAD+ + ethanol
E. AH2 + B ? A +BH2

B. R-CH=CH-CH3 + H2O ? RCH2-CH(OH)-CH3

The electron transport chain of mitochondria
A. is present in the outer membrane of the mitochondrion.
B. contains cytochromes and proteins containing flavins (FAD).
C. reduces NAD+.
D. generates an H+ gradient such that the outside of the mitochondrion i

B. contains cytochromes and proteins containing flavins (FAD).

Reagents, such as dinitrophenol, increase the permeability of the mitochondrial inner membrane to protons. The addition of dinitrophenol to a suspension of animal cells should
A. decrease the rate of oxidation of NADH.
B. inhibit mitochondrial ATP synthes

B. inhibit mitochondrial ATP synthesis.

Glycolysis
A. is the conversion of glucose to two molecules of lactate.
B. is an endergonic reaction.
C. consumes ATP.
D. is an oxidation-reduction process.
E. releases carbon dioxide.

D. is an oxidation-reduction process.

Most of the ATP made during the complete oxidation of glucose to CO2 and water is
A. made by the mitochondrial ATP synthase.
B. from substrate-level phosphorylation.
C. synthesized by the sodium-potassium ATPase.
D. synthesized in the cytosol.
E. made dir

A. made by the mitochondrial ATP synthase.

The synthesis of ATP from ADP and Pi by mitochondria
A. is an oxidation-reduction reaction.
B. is linked to electron transport.
C. takes place in the absence of oxygen.
D. does not require energy.
E. accounts for a minor fraction of all of the ATP made by

B. is linked to electron transport.

The mitochondrial electron transport chain
A. is the site of most of the reactions of the citric acid cycle.
B. synthesizes ATP.
C. pumps protons into the mitochondrial matrix during electron transport.
D. oxidizes the intermediate electron carriers, NADH

D. oxidizes the intermediate electron carriers, NADH and FADH2.

The mitochondrial ATP synthase
A. is an entirely integral membrane protein.
B. couples the synthesis of ATP to the flow of protons across the inner membrane from inside to out.
C. is a soluble protein located in the mitochondrial matrix.
D. makes ATP at t

D. makes ATP at the expense of the proton gradient established by electron transport.

The synthesis of ATP from ADP and Pi is an _______ reaction. In mitochondria, ATP synthesis is driven by the flow of _______ down the concentration and electrical gradient established by _______.
A. endergonic; Na+ ions; electron transport
B. exergonc; pr

C. endergonic; protons; electron transport

The conversion of malate to oxaloacetate in the citric acid cycle takes place with the conversion of NAD+ to NADH. In this reaction, NAD+ is
A. the reducing agent.
B. the oxidizing agent.
C. reduced.
D. oxidized.
E. Both b and c

E. Both b and c

What is the metabolic fate of pyruvate in anaerobic muscle?
A. It is converted to acetylCoA.
B. It is decarboxylated.
C. It is oxidized.
D. It is reduced to lactate.
E. It is converted to ethanol.

D. It is reduced to lactate.

In the complete oxidation of glucose, 6 CO2 molecules are formed per glucose oxidized. Choose from the list below the correct numbers of CO2 molecules released by glycolysis (gly), the citric acid cycle (CAC), and pyruvate oxidation (pyr).
A. gly 1; CAC 3

D. gly 0; CAC 4; pyr 2

Fermentation
A. results in the formation of lactic acid or ethanol.
B. completely oxidizes glucose to CO2 and H2O.
C. is not coupled to ATP synthesis.
D. occurs under aerobic conditions in yeasts.
E. is endergonic.

A. results in the formation of lactic acid or ethanol.

Which of the compounds listed below link(s) glycolysis and the citric acid cycle to the mitochondrial electron transport chain?
A. NADH
B. ADP and Pi
C. FADH2
D. ATP
E. Both a and c

E. Both a and c

Triglycerides are major energy storage molecules. Which statement about the complete oxidation of triglycerides to CO2 and water and the oxidation of glucose to two molecules of pyruvate is correct?
A. They are both endergonic.
B. Both the complete oxidat

D. Only glucose oxidation uses the glycolytic pathway.

Cyanide inhibits the enzyme in the mitochondrial electron transport chain that reduces O2 to water. Suppose that you add cyanide to a suspension of muscle cells from a rat. Which statement given below is the most accurate with respect to the effects of cy

D. The citric acid cycle would be inhibited, but glycolysis would not. Lactic acid accumulates.