Which of the following is an accessory organ of digestion?
pancreas
The lamina propria and mucous epithelium are components of the?
mucosa
Which of these descriptions best matches the term "myenteric plexus?
Coordinates activity of muscularis mucosa
Contraction of the __ alters the shape of the intestinal lumen and moves epithelial pleats and folds?
muscularis mucosa
Which layer of the digestive tract has a dense irregular connective tissue that surrounds the muscularis mucosae?
submucosa
Which of the following is classified as being neither squamous or columnar?
mucosal epithelium
A disease that attacks and disables the myenteric plexus would?
decrease intestinal motility
In the digestive and urinary systems, rings of smooth muscle, called __, regulate the movement of materials along internal passageways
sphincters
The ability to function over a wide range of lengths?
plasticity
Waves of muscular contractions that propel the contents of the digestive tracts are called?
peristalsis
The activities of the digestive system are regulated by?
all of the following
Which of the following is not a function of the digestive system
filtration
The movement of organic molecules, electrolytes, minerals, and water across the digestive epithelium into interstitial fluid is known as?
absorption
Chemical breakdown of materials by acid and enzymes takes place in the?
small intestine
Carbohydrate digestion begins in the?
mouth
The connection of the anterior portion of the tongue to the underlying epithelium is the?
lingual frenulum
The serous membrane that lines the peritoneal cavity?
all of the follwoing
Regions of the stomach include all of the following except?
illeum
The esophagus connects to which region of the stomach?
cardia
The part of the stomach that functions as a mixing chamber for food and secretions
body
The region of the stomach that empties into the duodenum is the
pylorus
After food and gastric juices combine, the gastric contents are referred to as
bile
FIGURE OF STOMACH- labeled 10
oblique muscle layer
FIGURE- labeled 12
fundus
FIGURE- labeled 7
pylorus
FIGURE- which structure helps the stomach to stretch as it fills with food?
9
The enzyme pepsin digests
proteins
The order of the small intestine segments, from proximal to distal, is
Duodenum, jejunum, ileum
The intestinal hormone that stimulates the pancreas to release enzymes and buffers is
secretin
An intestinal hormone that stimulates gastric secretion
gastrin
A drug that blocks the action of the hormone cholecystokinin would affect
all of the following
Which organ is responsible for dehydration and compaction of indigestible materials?
large intestine
haustra are
expansible pouches of the colon
Each of the following is a function of the liver EXCEPT
antibody production
The Kupffer cells of the liver
all of the following
The pancreas produces__ -digesting enzymes in the form of proteolytic enzymes
protein
bile is stored in the
gallbladder
Cells perform catabolism to generate ATP, which can be used for
all of the following
The process of synthesizing glucose from noncarbohydrates is called
gluconeogenesis
Although other nutrients can feed into the citric acid cycle, __ yields energy the quickest
glucose
Glycolytic breakdown of glucose first results in __ molecules
2 pyruvate
___ carry excess cholesterol from peripheral tissues to the liver
high density lipoproteins
The lipoproteins that carry absorbed lipids from the intestinal tract to the bloodstream
chylomicrons
During lipolysis
triglycerides are broken down into glycerol and fatty acids
The nutrients that yield the most energy per gram when metabolized are
high density lipoproteins
Fatty acids that are necessary for proper health but cannot be synthesized by the body are called
essential fatty acids
All of the following occur during the postabsorptive state EXCEPT that
levels of blood glucose are elevated
When the body is relying on internal energy reserves to continue meeting its energy demands, it is in the ___ state
postabsorptive
A__ contains all of the essential amino acids
complete protein
The carbon dioxide of respiration is formed during
the citric acid cycle
The function of the citric acid cycle is to
Remove hydrogen atoms from organic molecules and transfer them to coenzymes
TCA CYCLE FIGURE Molecule labeled 2-
Carbon dioxide
FIGURE- substance labeled
hydrogen atoms
FIGURE- molecule labeled 5
citric acid
Cells synthesize new organic components for which of the following reasons
all of the answers are correct
Reactions within ___ provide most of the energy needed by a typical cell
mitochondria
What is a nutrient pool?
An accessible source of substrates for a cell
The citric acid cycle
Begins with the formation of a molecule of citric acid
The electron transport system
all are correct
Poisons like cyanide bind to ___ and prevent electron transfer
cytochromes
Which form of glucose metabolism yields the greater amount of ATP?
electron transport system