Where does the pyruvate go to after glycolysis?
It goes from cytosol into mitochondria
What's the first step of Pyruvate oxidation? (Note: remember that a glucose molecule splits into two pyruvate molecules, so this whole process technically happens twice for a glucose molecule)
A carboxyl group is taken from the pyruvic acid. This is the first CO2 produced in cellular respiration.
Pyruvate minus CO2 => Acetate
What's the second step of Pyruvate oxidation?
NAD+ comes and becomes reduced, causing the substrate to become oxidized.
What's the third step to Pyruvate Oxidation?
Coenzyme A attaches to the substrate, creating Acetyl Coenzyme A, aka acetyl CoA
(switching to Citric Acid Cycle) Where are the enzymes for Citric Acid Cycle located?
The enzymes are in the mitochondrial matrix and the inner mitochondrial membrane
What is the final step of the breakdown of glucose?
The Acetyl CoA becomes oxidized.
What are results of a full citric acid cycle? (Again, remember that there's two cycles per glucose bc each glucose splits into two pyruvate)
2 CO2, 1 ATP, 3 NADH, and 1 FADH2
What is the first step of CAC(citric acid cycle)?
When the Acetyl CoA enters, it removes the Coenyzyme A by an enzyme. The Acetyl group is attached attached to oxaloacetate to make citrate, an ion of citric acid
What is the second step of CAC?
The Citrate is oxidized and NAD+ is reduced. And a CO2 is produced, leaving a 5 carbon molecule as substrate
What is the third step of CAC?
Another CO2 is produced, now leaving a 4-carbon substrate. Another NADH is formed. Another ATP is produced via Substrate-level Phosphorylation.
What is the fourth step?
Redox reaction happens. The substrate is oxidized, and a FAD is reduced into FADH2.
What is the fifth step?
water is added
What is the final step?
A redox reaction causes another NADH. The original oxaloacetate molecule is created again.