sustainability
meeting the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs
natural capital
Natural resources and natural services that keep us and other species alive and support our economies.
natural resources
Materials or substances such as minerals, forests, water, and fertile land that occur in nature and can be used for economic gain
gross domestic product
The sum total of the value of all the goods and services produced in a nation
per capita GDP
GDP divided by the total population
per capita GDP PPP
A measure of the amount of goods and services that a country's average citizen could buy in the United States.
perpetual resource
Essentially inexhaustible resource on a human time scale because it is renewed continuously. Solar energy is an example.
renewable resource
A natural resource that can be replaced at the same rate at which the resource is consumed
nonrenewable resource
a resource produced in nature more slowly than it is consumed by humans
ecological footprint
the impact of a person or community on the environment, expressed as the amount of land required to sustain their use of natural resources.
point source pollution
pollution that comes from a specific site
nonpoint source pollution
pollution that comes from many sources rather than from a single, specific site
crude birth rate
The total number of live births in a year for every 1,000 people alive in the society.
crude death rate
The number of deaths per year per 1,000 people.
replacement-level fertility rate
the average number of children that couples in a population must bear to replace themselves
total fertility rate
The average number of children born to a woman during her childbearing years.
life expectancy
A figure indicating how long, on average, a person may be expected to live
infant mortality rate
The percentage of children who die before their first birthday within a particular area or country.
baby boomers
The 78 million people born during the baby boom, following World War II and lasting until the early 1960s
prereproductive ages
organisms not mature enough to reproduce (0-14)
reproductive ages
old enough to reproduce (15-44)
post reproductive age
those too old to reproduce (45+)
demographic transition stages
Stage 1- Preindustrial society, birth and death rates are both high
Stage 2- Transitional- Improvements in healthcare, nutrition, sanitation, and wages cause death rate to drop
Stage 3- Industrial- Improvements in contraception, women;s rights, and a shif
exponential growth diagram
there is small growth for a while, and then the population begins to grow at a faster and faster rate
developing country population pyramid
developing countries have a large younger population, then the pyramid tapers off quickly as the population gets older because of high death rates
developed country pyramid
a developed country has equal or close to equal and lower birth and death rates, so the pyramid has a smaller base and a smaller mid range and upper range.
expanding rapidly pyramid
when there is a high population in the prereproductive age, population growth is high because they soon reproduce more and more children
stable pyramid
A population pyramid showing an unchanging pattern of fertility and mortality.
declining pyramid
birth rates are lower than death rates so the pyramid is wider at the top with the older, longer surviving generation, and smaller at the bottom
demographic transition graph
there are 4 stages a country goes through to become developed and are defined by population trends
fertility rate vs gross domestic product
<img src="https://www.stlouisfed.org/~/media/Blog/2016/December/BlogImage_FertilityIncome_121216.jpg?la=en" alt="Image result for fertility rate vs gdp per capita"/>
a higher GDP means lower fertility rate because economic properity is corelated with bett