How do correctional agencies fulfill their mission?
by imprisoning offenders who receive a sentence of incarceration from the courts, by assisting courts in the decision to grant bail, and by supervising offenders in the community under court jurisdiction
How do correctional agencies achieve the short-term protection of society?
by detaining inmates in jail or incarcerating them in prison
What is a legislative authorization to provide a specific range of punishment for a specific crime?
penal code
What is the belief that criminals do not have complete choice over their criminal actions and may commit acts that are beyond their control?
the Positive School
What type of crime is punishable by one year or more of incarceration?
felony
Which of the following does not define a pretrial diversion program?
It offers people charged with crimes alternatives to traditional criminal justice proceedings, It occurs between the formal filing of charges and the final judgment of guilt, and The accused participates on a volunteer basis only.
Which is not an advantage of a diversionary treatment program?
It increases a defendant's appearances before the court.
This 1987 Supreme Court decision upheld the ability of a magistrate to confine an offender on the presumption that he or she was dangerous.
United States v. Salerno
What is a reason that states have adopted sentencing guidelines
Sentencing guidelines provide uniformity, ensuring that similar crimes merit similar sentences
This was an early English term for a jail.
gaol
Which was not a requirement of the English Penitentiary Act of 1779?
confining several inmates to a cell
Which is not a reason for the increase in jail population?
fewer arrests
About how many more jails are there in the United States than prisons?
three times as many
What is a prison sentence that is suspended on the condition that the offender follow certain rules and commit no further crimes?
probation
Which is a standard condition of probation?
The probationer must remain employed.
Which Supreme Court case allowed an exception to parole violations by holding that failure to make restitution payments due to unemployment is not sufficient reason to revoke probation?
Bearden v. Georgia
In which case did the Supreme Court determine that probation is a privilege and not a right?
United States v. Birnbaum
What is the primary function of prisons?
to hold convicted felons, usually serving a sentence of a year or more
Which is not part of the mission statement of most prisons?
to physically discipline inmates who break the rules
What is a lifetime incarceration rate?
the chances of going to prison over an entire lifetime
The growth of the federal prison population has resulted from the federal government's authority to prosecute new crimes that were difficult for local jurisdictions to handle. Which act is a good example of the creation of these new crimes?
The Volstead Act
This sentencing model calls for fixed sentences so that the punishment fits the crime.
just deserts model
In this type of release, inmates serve a determinate sentence and then are released with supervision.
supervised mandatory release
Which is considered a problem in moving away from parole and indeterminate sentences?
Inmates often serve less time with determinate sentences, but parole boards consider the dangerousness of offenders and can hold them in prison beyond their minimum parole eligibility, Parole boards can act as a safety valve for prison overcrowding, and Without parole, there are few ways to hold inmates accountable for misconduct in prison.
Which term describes a new offense committed by a parolee?
new-crime violation