In some states those serving on a parole board are appointed by the
governor
The decision to release an inmate is made in the context of complex of
competing grounds
Parole in the US evolved during what century
19th
Between 1920-1970 the US used what sentencing and release procedure
indeterminate sentancing
_________ is based on the assumptions of indeterminate sentences and rehabilitative programs
discretionary release
In the wake of "tough on crime" .... among all inmates released has
dropped
B/c of _________ __________ __________-, many states have devised ways to get around the rigidity of mandatory release
prison population growth
_______ has been described as a "transient state between liberty and re-commitment
reentry
An inmates eligibility for release into community supervision depends on requirements set by the law and _______________
sentenced imposed by the court
According to the inmates if you want to get paroled what do you have to do?
be in a program
W/ the increase of the prison population the % of parolees has
increased
Parolees are often required to gain an education, have $, and have a ______ as part of their conditions of release
job
It is estimated that roughly ____ Americans cannot vote due to their felony convictions
3.9 million
Three forces influence the newly released offender's adjustment to free society the parole officer, parole bureaucracy, and the experiences of the ___________
offender
When offenders work and live at home during the week and then return to the prison for the weekend, what is this called?
residential programs : work release
Offenders released under super-visionary conditions experience _________ returns to prison for new crimes
fewer
Originally parole officers worked directly for
consetetur sadipscing
An emphasis on ________ is what matters most in the parole agency
control
Parole officers are often portrayed as having absolute ________ over their clients
power
Today parole boards release approx. _____ of all inmates up for parole
25%
When do most parole failures occur
within the first three years
What is one major worry for the public that concerns parolees
violence on release
The effectiveness of corrections is usually measured by rates of
recidivism
Residential programs usually house between 10 and _____ offenders at one time
25
Research has shown that post release parole supervision is ____ inits effectiveness
limited
When the parole officers play the role of ______ , they can restrict many aspects of the parolees life and initiate revocation for violations
power
__________ refers to a legal process which results in the removal of a conviction from official records
expungement
Between 1970-2005 the US prison population grew by
700%
what region within the US has the lowest incarceration rate
NE
What state has the highest incarceration rate
LA
The prison population in this country has skyrocketed. What are three explanations of this
- increase # of arrests
- war on drugs
- public attitudes towards crime and punishment
80% of CA's recommitements stemmed from
technical violation
For 2 decades the crime rate in the US has been
declining
At the end of 2002 how were most prisons operating
at or above capacity
what may overcrowded prisons violate
8th amendment
Predictive studies calculate that the future prison population of the US is likely to
increase steadily
There seems to be ____ relationship the crime rate and incarceration rate
little
Indeterminate sanctions include community service, restitution. fees, boot camp, home confinement and
intensive probation supervision
Opponents of new prison construction believe that given the nature of bureaucratic organizations prison cells will always be
filled
What are three intermediate sanctions used when dealing with offenders
- house arrest
-boot camp
-community service
What US president declared the official "war on drugs
Ronald Reagan
The _______ strategy for dealing with prison overcrowding advocates building new facilities.
construction strategy (75,000 $ per cell)
Supporters of incarceration believe that current policies have _____ in lowering the crime rate
succeeded
Proponents who say that nothing should be done about the prison overcrowding subscribe to which strategy
null strategy