Chapter 2
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Outside cell
Prison cells attached to a corridor with the back of the cell extending outward toward a peripheral wall
Eastern Penitentiary
Prison facility designed on the Pennsylvania system with rows of individual cells attached to corridors and outside cells
Inside cell
Prison cells that do not touch the outside walls of the cell block
Aubrun System
Prison model consisting of small individual cells, large work areas for group labor, and enforced silence
Cell block
Multitier living cells usually stacked one atop the other, built within a hollow building and not touching exterior walls.
Congregate system
Prison modeled on the Auburn system with inmate work and feeding done en masse, in total silence
Penitentiary system
Prison designed to enforce penitence and prisoner anonymity, with individual manual labor in inmate cells
disciplinarian
Those who require the strict enforcement of rules with harsh consequences for those who fail to follow them.
silence
Absence of speech between inmates within early prisions
Lockstep formation
Lines of inmates marching closely behind their leader, with hands on top of shoulders or under the armpits; requires shuffling and muteness in march from one area of the prison to the other
Prison Stripes
Prison uniforms with horizontal black bands and white stripes, frequently colored to designate inmate classification
Treadmill
A mill worked by inmates treading on the periphery of a wide wheel having a horizontal axis used in prison as a punishment
Solitary confinement
A punishment program requiring isolation of an inmate in a cell, also known as a "prison with a prison
Indeterminate sentence
A period of confinement with specified minimum and maximum length, allowing a parole board to release the inmate when rehabilitation has been achieved
Irish system
A prison management scheme with multiple stages of control, allowing the inmate to earn higher stages until released when penitence was achieved; release was on a revocable "ticket of leave" or conditional pardon
Ticket-of-leave
Certificate issued by the warden certifying the offender has permission to leave the facility but that does not represent parole
Conditional liberty
A prisoner release scheme that allows the penitent inmate to be released to the community under specific conditions that can be revoked; a system commonly known as "parole
Reformatory
An institution for younger offenders that requires education and training, conditional release, and potential revocation of parole
Zebulon Brockway
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lease system
The leasing out of convicts to work for contractors. This was common in the South, following the Civil War
industrial prison
Any penal institution whose main objective is the use of inmate labor to produce marketable products of prison outfits
Hawes-Cooper Act
Law passed in 1929 that required that prison products be subject to the laws of any state to which they were shipped
Ashurst-Sumners Act
Federal legislation requiring "truth of manufacturing, transportation and interstate shipment of prison-made goods." by requiring that the packages be plainly and clearly marked
Sanford Bates
First director of the Federal Bureau of Justice
Alcatraz
A supermax island prison inmates in the San Francisco Bay area and part of the US bureau of Prisons until it's closing; also known as "the rock
Lock psychosis
Term denoting over-concentration of prison administrators with security and community protection, to be accomplished through extensive use of locks, head counts, and internal control of inmates
Convict bogey
Irrational fear of prison inmates who can only be managed through head counts, locking, and recounting.
Ombudsman
Correctional overseer who investigates reported complaints (as from inmates, prison personnel, and prison staff) reports findings, and helps to achieve equitable settlements