Probation
community supervision of a convicted fender instead of incarceration under conditions imposed by court for a specified period during which the court retains authority to modify the conditions or to resentence the offender is they violate the conditions
parole
early priveledged release of a convicted offender from a penal correctional institution under the continual custody of the state to serve the remainder of his or her sentence in the community under supervision
Recidivism
the return to criminal behavior variously defined in one of three ways rearrest, reconviction or reincarceration
Bail
monetary payment deposited with the court to ensure the defendants return for the next court date in exchange for defendants release
Community Corrections
a nonincarcerative sanction in which offenders serve all or a portion of their sentence in the community
Pre sentence investigation
investigation undertaken by a probation officer for the purpose of gathering and analyzing information to complete a report
Pretrial Supervision
court ordered correctional supervision of a defendant who has not yet been convicted whereby the defendant participates in activities such as reporting, house arrest, electronic monitoring to ensure appearance at next court date
Intermediate Sanction
a spectrum of community supervision strategies that vary greatly in terms of their supervision level and treatment capactiy ranging from diversion to short term duration in a residential community facility
Restorative Justice
emphasize the offender taking responsibility to repiar the harm done to the victim to the surrounding communities. includes victim offender mediation reparation panels circle sentencing and monetary sanctions
Evidence Based Practices
integrating into everday practice the correctional programs and techniques that have been shown to be the most effective with offenders using evaluation results from systematically evaluated research studies
Net widening
using stiffer punishment or excessive control for low risk offenders who would have ordinarily been sentenced to lesser sanctions
Failure to Appear
defendant does not attend a scheduled court hearing
Diversion
alternative to traditional criminal sentencing or juvenile justice adjudication that provides first time offenders with a chance or addresses unique treatment needs with the successful completion resulting int he dismissal of the current charges
Drug Courts
diversion program for drug addicts in which the judge prosecutor and probation officer play a proactive role and monitor the progress of clients through weekly visits to the courtroom using a process of graduated sanctions
Sentencing
postconviction stage in which defendant is brought before court for formal judgement promounced by a judge
Reflective Justice
each defendants case is considered in total according to its subjectivities (harms wrongs and contexts) and then measured against concepts such as oppression freedom dignity and equality
Special Conditions
conditions tailored to fit the needs of an offender
standard conditions
conditions imposed on all offenders in all jurisdictions
presentence investigation report
a report submitted to court before sentencing describing anture of the offense, offender characteristics, criminal history loss to the victima nd sentencing reccommendations
mental health courts
diversion program for mentally ill defendants in which judge, prosecutor and probation officer play a proactive role and monitor the progress of clients though weekly visits to the courtroom
victim impact statement
written account by victim as to how crime has taken a toll physically, emotionally, financially or psychologically on victim and family, considered by many states at time of sentencing and at parole board hearings
disclosure
right of defendant to read and refute information int he presentence investigation report prior to sentencing
post sentence report
report by probation officer after defendant has pled guilty and been sentenced in order to aid probation and parole officers in supervision, classification and program plans
Hearsay Evidence
information offered as truthful assertion that does not come from the personal knowledge of the person giving the information but from knowledge that person recieved from a third party
exclusionary rule
rule of evidence that enforces the 4th amendments prohibition against unreasonable search and seizure whereby illegal police searches are not admissible in the court of law. purpose is to deter police misconduct
determinate sentencing
focuses on consistency for the crime committed specifying by statue or sentencing guidelines an exact amount or narrow range of time to be served in prison or in the community, which mandates the minimum amount of time before the offender is eligible for
miranda v arizona
miranda rights, at no time was Miranda told of his right to counsel, and he was not advised of his right to remain silent or that his statements would be used against him during the interrogation before being presented with the form on which he was asked
filing
indictment was laid on file or held in abeyance without either dismissal or final judgement in cases in which justice did not require an immediate sentence
surety
individual who agrees to become responsible for the debt of a defendant or who answers for the performance of the defendant should the defendant fail to attend the next court appearance
john augustus
father of probation, first true probation officer
casework
allowed officer to create theraputic relationships with clients through counseling and directly assisting in behavior modification to assist them in living productively in the community
parens patriae
meaning that government acts as a substitute parent and allows the courts to intervene in cases in which it is in the childs best interest that a guardian be appointed for children who through no fault of their own have been neglected and or are dependant
conviction
judgement of court based on defendants plea of guilty or nolo contendere or on the verdict of a judge or jusry that the defendant is guilty of the offense with which he or she has been charged
suspended sentence
order of court after verdict finding, or plea of guilty that suspends or postpones the imposition or execution of sentence during a period of good behavior
fine
a fixed monetary sanction defined by statue and imposed by a judge depending on the seriousness of the crime
recognizance
device of preventitive justice that obliged people suspected of future misbehavior to stipulate with and give full assurance to the court and the public that the apprehended offense would not occur. recognizance was later used with convicted or arraigned
matthew davenport hill
believed that crime could be prevented by reformation in prison, ending in the convict's release on a showing of good behaviour throughout his prison term, and by life imprisonment of incorrigibles, without the possibility of parole. The 1853 and 1864 Pen
1st state to pass probation statue
massachuchets
manhatten bail project
the injustice of the bail system was well known throughout the U.S. Poorer members of society were unable to meet bail conditions, leading to overcrowding and rioting in jails, particularly in New York.
showed defendants who could not meet bail conditions
FAIP Program
felony alcohol intervention program
post adjudication program for high risk offenders
charged with felony dwi, 17 or older, resident
structure of program 7 year sentence probated for 4 years and a 6 month or 1 yearhard drivers license suspension, particip
Specialized caseloads
different needs, intensive monitoring or require particular type of treatment, officers become expets in working with particular offenders
ways to help are theraputic communities (treatment and recovery)
halfway houses-(rehab treatment programs, monitorin
Judge ordered supervision
jury recommended community supervision
judge may replace sentence with community supervision if in best interest of public defendant and justice after a conviction
for felons minimum amount is equal to minimum term of imprisonment, intelligible if imprisonment is more than 10 yr or sentenced t
deferred adjudication
what is it: form of plea deal, defendant pleads guilty or no contest in exchange for meeting certain requirements set out by court (probation, treatment, community service), defendant may avoid formal conviction on their record-not considered a conviction
why do we have community supervision
is an alternative to serving a sentence in a jail or penitentiary and is an opportunity to promote positive change in an offender's behavior
state boot camp-person under 26
community service-service hours or project for organization
dwi supervision
substa
steve collier crime victim
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