2.25 million
Of the 7 million adults in corrections how many are in jails and prisons
first half of the 20th century
Big houses predominated much of the country during the
Rehabilitation
The _____ model was dominant in the 60's and 70's
crime control
at present the focus of corrections has shifted to
custodial
Most prisons employ a ______ model
federal government all 50 states and private companies
Prisons are operated by
is uncertain
as states deal with severe budgetary problems the future of private prisons
cost
Today's prison construction is greatly influenced by
elderly
the cost of maintaining a ______ inmate is higher that costs associated with other incarcerated populations
2.5 times higher
the rate of confirmed aids cases in state and federal prisons is ______ in the total us population
female
rates of hiv infection are higher in _____ prisons
1960's
Mass closings of public hospitals for the mentally ill began in the
federal bureau of prisons
historically the ______ has been an innovator in the field of corrections
the marshal's service
Responsibility of housing federal pretrial detainees belongs to
function
the general rule of architecture, including prisons, is that form follows
TRUE
The oldest prison in americas still houses offenders
FALSE
the civil rights movement had no affect on prisoners
TRUE
Mental illness is prevalent in prison
FALSE
the american correctional association determines all prison classification in this country
FALSE
the major advantage cited for privately operated correctional institutions is the increased security security that can be provided
reintegration mode
maintenance of community and family ties
courtyard style
newer with functional units lovated in the entry
telephone pole design
cental corridor for prisoner movement
eastern penitentiary
radial design
age, education, and criminal history of the inmate population
influence how correctional institutions function
Campus style
often used for juveniles and women
graterford and marion
telephone pole design
Private prisons
questions about cost effectiveness since the 70's
Radial design
a control center from which to monitor movement
custodial model
emphasizes security, discipline and order
27 months
Median time served in us prisons is about
security
tool counts, searches, and detailed accounting of materials are all critical to
juvenile offenders
prisoner education is more available for which group of offenders
federal funding for post secondary education
educational programs in prison do not include
from the first days of prison
inmate labor has been sold to private employers
criminogenic needs
Recent research has indicated that rehabilitation can work if ____ are focused upon
in cost benefit ratios
the most powrful new studies of correctional rehabilitation programs try to express their effectiveness in which of the following ways
all of these
one of the benefits of prison maintenance jobs is that
time
The theme in prison the one thread that links all prisoners is
good behavior
administrators use prison programs as incentives for
negatively
the prison environment affects programming in what way
more
community based rehabilitative programs are ______ effective at reducing recidivism than those same programs in prison
aging
the most extraordinary helth prome in contemporary corrrections is
FALSE
institutional programs aggravate the oppressiveness of time behind bars
FALSE
classification is a one time procedure
TRUE
inmates who participate in educational programs while incarcerated are the least likely to return to prison
TRUE
a majority of people under correctional authority have a history of mental health problems
FALSE
men in prison tend to have already graduated from high school
competing goals
the decision to release an inmate is made in the context of
indeterminate sentences
from 1920 to 1973 sentencing and release procedures involved
felons
only _____ are released on parole
conditional release
parole is understodd as
reentry
______ has been described as a transient state between libery and recommitment
about 77 percent
currently what percent of felons are released on parole and remain under correctional supervision for a specific period
prison population growth
because of ______, many states have devised ways to get around the rigidity of mandatory release
under supervision
most former prisoners must serve a period of time
autonomous model
in the _____, there is a parole board, an independent decision making authority, that is organizationally close enough to the department to be sensitive to institutional and correctional needs
alexander maconochie
sir walter crofton built on ______'s idea of requiring prisoners to earn early release
all of these
which of the following is a release criteria used by the parole board
all of these
which of the following is an impact of release mechanisms
725000
more than ______ adult felons leave state and federal prisons each year.
increased
with the increase of the prison population the percentage of parolees has
be in a program
according to inmate, if you want to be paroled you've got to
FALSE
The number of felons on parole has decreased since 1980
FALSE
release on parole has had little impact on other parts of the system, such as plea bargaining and sentencing
TRUE
almost all inmates will eventually be released to live in the community
FALSE
most former prisoners are released without supervision
FALSE
most parolees return to prison