Physiology - Chapter 1

Groups of cells performing related tasks are known as _____.

Tissues

What is the best example of integration in physiology?

The interaction of nervous and endocrine signals to regulate blood flow to the small intestines

What is an example of a mechanistic understanding of a function?

Skeletal muscle cells contract when myosin heads attach to actin filaments and rotate, producing force

What is a good reason to consider using mapping to learn physiological concepts?

Creating a map requires thinking about and understanding the relationships between facts

What is the definition of homeostasis?

The ability of an organism to maintain relatively constant internal conditions despite variability in external conditions

What is the primary mechanism allowing a molecule like an enzyme to perform a particular function?

Its specific structure

What is the main difference between the concepts of "steady-state" and "equilibrium?

A steady-state system is dynamic, whereas a system in equilibrium is not

What would best describe the concept of negative feedback as it relates to homeostasis?

A negative feedback response demonstrates a fluctuation around a setpoint

Which component of a control system initiates an appropriate response to a stimulus?

Integrating center

What does it mean if an article has been peer reviewed?

The work has been read by an anonymous panel of scientists qualified to judge the science

What is a review article and why might it be beneficial for a novice in a subject matter to read?

It contains a synopsis of recent research on a particular topic; because it gives a general summary of several technical papers, making it easier for a novice to understand

What would render in the most accurate results if you wanted to know if there was a link between the consumption of high fructose corn syrup and the incidence of type 2 diabetes?

High fructose corn syrup and the incidence of type 2 diabetes

What website would be best if you wanted to learn about the effectiveness of hormone replacement therapy on reducing the symptoms associated with menopause?

www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus

Processes that cannot be predicted simply from understanding the functions of the individual components of the system are known as _____ properties.

Emergent

You have collected these data from 50 of your fellow students, some of whom are sophomores and others juniors: the number of process maps/flow charts each student created while studying for the physiology exam, and the score each student earned on the exa

The number of maps/charts

Physiology is the study of _____.

The normal functions of the organ systems

The literal meaning of the term physiology is knowledge of _____.

Nature

T/F - Because anatomy and physiology have different definitions, they are usually considered separately in studies of the body.

False

The following is a list of several levels of organization that make up the human body.
1. tissue
2. cell
3. organ
4. molecule
5. organism
6. organ system
What is the correct order from smallest to largest?

4, 2, 1, 3, 6, 5

Glucose if transported from blood into cells because cells require glucose to meet their energy needs." This type of explanation is _____?

Teleological

Glucose if transported from blood into cells by transporters in response to insulin." This type of explanation is _____?

Mechanistic

What is one of Cannon's "internal secretions"?

Hormones

The study of body function in a disease state is _____?

Pathophysiology

Homeostasis is the ability of the body to _____.

Quickly restore changed conditions to normal

How genetics influences the body's response to drugs is called _____.

Pharmacogenomics

A physician basing clinical decisions on primary research published in biomedical literature is doing _____ medicine.

Evidence-based

A study in which a participant acts as an experimental subject in part of the experiment and a control in another part of the experiment is called _____.

Crossover study

The Internet database for molecular, cellular, and physiological information is called the _____ Project.

Physiome

A placebo is _____.

A drug or treatment that is expected to have no pharmacological effect

A technique used to resolve contradictory results in scientific studies is _____.

Meta-analysis

A scientifically logical guess is _____.

Hypothesis

If a scientific opinion has been verified repeatedly, it becomes a _____.

Law

Place these terms in the typical sequence in which they appear in the scientific process: experimental data, theory, model, observation, hypothesis, replication.

Observation, hypothesis, experimental data, replication, model, theory

You are interested in learning more about Parkinson's disease, a neurological disorder that primarily affects motor function. What is the best source to begin your investigation?

PubMed

What is a cell?

The smallest living unit

What is tissue?

A collection of similar cells that carry out similar functions

What are organs?

A collection of different tissues that carry out related functions

What are organ systems?

Groups of organs functioning in a coordinated manner

Adaptive significance is an important concept in physiology because it describes _____.

The physiological functions that promote an organism's survival

You conduct an experiment on twenty 18-year-old male subjects to see how various intensities of exercise influence heart rate. Which of the following is/are considered an independent variable? Dependent variable?
Sex of subjects, intensity of exercise, ag

Independent variable: Intensity of exercise
Dependent variable: Heart rate

You want to display data on the finish times of the 10 fastest race horses in a single race at the Kentucky Derby. What type of graph would be best to display this information?

Bar graph

A horse runs 10 races, each a mile long, during a 6-month period, and you are interested in determining if the horse's race time changes with experience. What type of graph would be best to display the race finish times of this horse?

Line graph

There are 10 cloned horses, born on the same day, with identical chromosomes. They are each subjected to the same physical training regimen, but given daily injections of different concentrations of a particular vitamin. They all run the same race. You se

Scatter plot

What is a buffer zone between the outside world and most of the cells of the body?

Extracellular fluid

Oxytocin is a hormone that is released in response to cervical dilation. It in turn causes more uterine contractions that will further dilate the cervix. What type of feedback loop does oxytocin trigger?

Positive feedback

Heating an area of the skin can cause sweat glands in that area to begin producing and releasing sweat. This is an example of what type of control system?

Local control system

Which word means, "the adaption of biological systems to a given set of natural environmental conditions?

Acclimatization

What is another term for feed-forward control?

Anticipation