phys ch 9 Central Nervous System

The first multicellular animals to develop neurons were
ANSWER:
jellyfish and sea anemones.
segmented worms and sea horses.
mollusks and sea stars.
fish and sea monkeys.
flatworms and sea urchins.

jellyfish and sea anemones.

The most primitive nervous systems consist of structures known as nerve
ANSWER:
webs.
cords.
mazes.
tracts.
nets.

nets.

Simple reflexes in a worm are integrated within a segment rather than in the brain, because
ANSWER:
-worms do not have a nervous system.
-worms have a ganglion at each segment.
-worms have a neural network within each segment.
-worms do not have brains.

worms have a ganglion at each segment.

Which of these have the most advanced nervous system?
ANSWER:
flatworms
sea anemones
segmented worms
jellyfish

segmented worms

The brain region that is identifiable by its folds and grooves is the
ANSWER:
medulla oblongata only.
cerebrum and medulla oblongata.
cerebellum only.
cerebellum and cerebrum.
cerebrum only.

cerebellum and cerebrum.

The earliest discrete embryonic structure from which the entire nervous system eventually develops is the
ANSWER:
ependyma.
ventricle.
neural plate.
neural crest.
neural tube.

neural plate.

The peripheral nervous system develops from the
ANSWER:
neural tube.
neural plate.
neural crest.

neural crest.

The pons develops from the
ANSWER:
midbrain.
hindbrain.
forebrain.

hindbrain.

Which of these does NOT contribute significantly to the protection of the brain?
ANSWER:
cerebral space
dura mater
cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)
subarachnoid space
cranium

cerebral space

Cerebrospinal fluid is produced by the
ANSWER:
frontal sinuses.
pia mater.
arachnoid villi.
choroid plexus.
ventricles.

choroid plexus.

The brain has a ________ (high or low?) demand for oxygen, and receives about ________% of the total blood volume in circulation.
ANSWER:
low; 15
high; 15
high; 50
low; 35
high; 35

high; 15

The brain consumes about half of the ________ circulating in the body.
ANSWER:
glucose
potassium
oxygen
fatty acids
sodium

glucose

The brain area(s) that has/have a cortex is/are the
ANSWER:
cerebellum only.
cerebrum and cerebellum.
cerebrum and medulla oblongata.
medulla oblongata only.
cerebrum only.

cerebrum and cerebellum.

Reasoning arises in the outer layer of neurons of which of the following?
ANSWER:
hippocampus
amygdala
basal nuclei
cerebral cortex
amygdala and hippocampus

cerebral cortex

Which of these has a higher concentration in cerebrospinal fluid than in the blood?
ANSWER:
K+
Na+
H+
Ca2+
HCO3-

H+

Match these terms with their descriptions.
A. gray matter
B. white matter
C. ascending tracts
D. descending tracts
E. propriospinal tracts
unmyelinated, consists of cell bodies, dendrites, and axon terminals

A. gray matter

Match these terms with their descriptions.
A. gray matter
B. white matter
C. ascending tracts
D. descending tracts
E. propriospinal tracts
myelinated axons with very few cell bodies

B. white matter

Cell bodies of sensory neurons are located in
ANSWER:
ventral horns.
propriospinal tracts.
dorsal root ganglia.
ventral root ganglia.
dorsal horns.

dorsal root ganglia.

The mixed cranial nerve that projects to and from internal organs, muscles, and glands is the ________ nerve.
ANSWER:
trochlear
spinal accessory
vagus
glossopharyngeal
trigeminal

vagus

Match these terms with their descriptions.
A. gray matter
B. white matter
C. ascending tracts
D. descending tracts
E. propriospinal tracts
carry primarily efferent signals from the brain

D. descending tracts

Match these terms with their descriptions.
A. gray matter
B. white matter
C. ascending tracts
D. descending tracts
E. propriospinal tracts
projections of white matter that remain in the spinal cord

E. propriospinal tracts

Match these terms with their descriptions.
A. gray matter
B. white matter
C. ascending tracts
D. descending tracts
E. propriospinal tracts
projections that carry sensory information to the brain

C. ascending tracts

Match these terms with their descriptions.
A. dorsal horns
B. columns
C. ventral root
D. dorsal root ganglia
E. nuclei
swellings containing sensory cell bodies

D. dorsal root ganglia

Match these terms with their descriptions.
A. dorsal horns
B. columns
C. ventral root
D. dorsal root ganglia
E. nuclei
tracts of axons that transfer information to and from the brain

B. columns

Match these terms with their descriptions.
A. dorsal horns
B. columns
C. ventral root
D. dorsal root ganglia
E. nuclei
motor fibers leave the spinal cord's gray matter via this

C. ventral root

Match these terms with their descriptions.
A. dorsal horns
B. columns
C. ventral root
D. dorsal root ganglia
E. nuclei
cluster of gray matter in the brain

E. nuclei

Match these terms with their descriptions.
A. dorsal horns
B. columns
C. ventral root
D. dorsal root ganglia
E. nuclei
sensory fibers enter this part of the "H

A. dorsal horns

Which is NOT housed in the medulla oblongata?
ANSWER:
-centers for blood pressure control
-centers for control of vomiting
-centers for control of eye movement
-the pyramids, where tracts cross to the opposite side of the body
-centers for control of brea

centers for control of eye movement

Which of these roles is NOT related to the reticular formation?
ANSWER:
regulation of the menstrual cycle
pain modulation
blood pressure regulation
arousal and sleep
muscle tone and stretch reflexes

regulation of the menstrual cycle

Which statement regarding the hypothalamus is FALSE?
ANSWER:
-Hypothalamic trophic factors control the release of anterior pituitary hormones.
-It receives input from multiple sources.
-The hypothalamus contains various centers for behavioral drives such

It receives sensory fibers from the optic tract, ears, and spinal cord.

The structure that connects the two cerebral hemispheres is the
ANSWER:
basal nuclei.
suprachiasmatic nucleus.
gray "H."
corpus callosum.
hippocampus.

corpus callosum.

Which is a system that influences motor output, according to Larry Swanson?
ANSWER:
diffuse modulatory
behavioral state
emotional state
emergent
reflexive

behavioral state

The most primitive region of the cerebrum is probably the
ANSWER:
limbic system.
pons.
reticular system.
corpus callosum.
basal nuclei.

limbic system.

Which functions in the control of movement?
ANSWER:
-basal nuclei only
-hippocampus only
-amygdala only
-hippocampus and amygdala
-All of the above function in the control of movement.

basal nuclei only

Match these brain areas with their descriptions.
A. cerebellum
B. hypothalamus
C. thalamus
D. cerebrum
composed of many small nuclei, an area that integrates as well as relays sensory information that passes through it

C. thalamus

Match these brain areas with their descriptions.
A. cerebellum
B. hypothalamus
C. thalamus
D. cerebrum
receives sensory input from the inner ear's receptors for equilibrium and balance

A. cerebellum

The brain's interpretation of sensory stimuli is called
ANSWER:
perception.
proprioception.
cognition.
lateralization.
emotion.

perception.

The internal clock of mammals appears to be located in the
ANSWER:
brain stem.
suprachiasmatic nucleus.
pituitary gland.
pons.
choroid plexus.

suprachiasmatic nucleus.

Substances that have been isolated from the blood and have been shown to induce sleep have also been linked to the ________ system.
ANSWER:
immune
urinary
respiratory
integumentary
reproductive

immune

Which brain area is considered to be a key integrating center for homeostasis?
ANSWER:
pituitary gland
brain stem
hypothalamus
thalamus
medulla

hypothalamus

Symptoms of the fight-or-flight reaction include all of these EXCEPT
ANSWER:
sweating palms.
hunger.
pounding heart.
increased blood pressure.
pupillary dilation.

hunger.

Language and verbal skills tend to be ________ side of the brain of right-handed people.
ANSWER:
concentrated on the left
concentrated on the right
equally distributed between the left and right
randomly located with respect to the left or right

concentrated on the left

The hormone that is released to enhance the fight-or-flight reaction is
ANSWER:
antidiuretic hormone.
prolactin.
oxytocin.
epinephrine.
thyroid hormone.

epinephrine.

The brain area acknowledged as the center for emotions is the
ANSWER:
cerebellum.
pons.
hypothalamus.
amygdala.
suprachiasmatic nucleus.

amygdala.

An important structure in both learning and memory is the
ANSWER:
hypothalamus.
pons.
cerebellum.
medulla.
hippocampus.

hippocampus.

The inability to remember newly acquired information is called
ANSWER:
implicit amnesia.
discombobulation.
retrograde amnesia.
anterograde amnesia.
short-term amnesia.

anterograde amnesia.

Enhancement of the postsynaptic cell's response to a repeated stimulus is called
ANSWER:
reflexation.
consolidation.
facilitation.
training.
learning.

facilitation.

An enhancement of the postsynaptic cell's response to a constant stimulus that lasts for a period of time from hours to weeks is called
ANSWER:
training.
synaptic plasticity.
consolidation.
long-term potentiation.
synchronicity.

long-term potentiation.