The action of a hormone on a target cell involves effects on
ANSWER:
receptor proteins.
receptor and nonreceptor proteins.
lipids.
nonreceptor proteins.
receptor proteins and lipids.
receptor and nonreceptor proteins.
The endocrine gland that is a modified sympathetic ganglion is the
ANSWER:
posterior pituitary.
thyroid.
adrenal cortex.
anterior pituitary.
adrenal medulla.
adrenal medulla.
All of the hormones secreted by the adrenal gland play a major role in growth and metabolism.
ANSWER:
True
False
False
Cholesterol is a precursor for the synthesis of
ANSWER:
progesterone.
aldosterone.
calcitonin.
estradiol.
progesterone, aldosterone, and estradiol.
progesterone, aldosterone, and estradiol.
Crossover effects are sometimes seen among
ANSWER:
steroid hormones.
all hormones.
most hormones.
peptide/protein hormones.
steroid hormones.
The precursor chemical for ACTH synthesis is
ANSWER:
TRH.
POMC.
MSH.
CRH.
beta-endorphin.
POMC.
The adrenal medulla produces
ANSWER:
glucocorticoids.
catecholamines.
corticosteroids.
androgens.
mineralocorticoids.
catecholamines.
Which of the following could describe the function of 11 Beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase?
ANSWER:
-It aids in preventing crossover effects from cortisol.
-It converts cortisol to a less active form.
-An enzyme located in renal tubules that acts on corti
All of these answers are correct.
Cortisol secretion peaks between ________ and ________.
ANSWER:
noon, early evening
early morning, noon
early evening, midnight
midnight, early morning
early morning, noon
CRH stimulates the release of
ANSWER:
MSH.
DHEA.
ACTH.
cortisol.
None of these answers are correct.
ACTH.
Cortisol has the following effects:
ANSWER:
-causes positive calcium balance.
-suppresses the immune system and influences brain function.
-influences brain function.
-suppresses the immune system and causes positive calcium balance.
-suppresses the immun
suppresses the immune system and influences brain function.
Without cortisol's permissive effect on ________, an animal would die.
ANSWER:
parathyroid hormone
aldosterone
thyroid hormone
insulin
glucagon
glucagon
Melanocortins includes one or more of the following:
ANSWER:
MSH
growth hormone
ACTH
ACTH and MSH
cortisol
ACTH and MSH
Match the disease with the description.
A. Addison's disease
B. Cushing's disease
C. Graves' disease
D. Paget's disease
hypercortisolism
B. Cushing's disease
Match the disease with the description.
A. Addison's disease
B. Cushing's disease
C. Graves' disease
D. Paget's disease
Some symptoms mimic diabetes mellitus.
B. Cushing's disease
Match the disease with the description.
A. Addison's disease
B. Cushing's disease
C. Graves' disease
D. Paget's disease
may result from adrenal tumor
B. Cushing's disease
Match the disease with the description.
A. Addison's disease
B. Cushing's disease
C. Graves' disease
D. Paget's disease
may result from a pituitary tumor
B. Cushing's disease
Match the condition with the description.
A. acromegaly
B. adrenogenital syndrome
C. cretinism
D. dwarfism
E. exophthalmus
This condition results from excess androgens in females.
B. adrenogenital syndrome
Match the condition with its description.
A. giantism
B. kyphosis
C. moon face
D. myxedema
E. goiter
easily observable symptom of hypercortisolism
C. moon face
Thyroid hormone contains the mineral
ANSWER:
sodium.
zinc.
iodine.
thallium.
iron.
iodine.
The C cells of the thyroid gland produce
ANSWER:
only thyroxine.
only calcitonin.
thryoxine and TSH.
only parathyroid hormone.
only TSH.
only calcitonin.
Pendrin is an anion transporter important in the production of
ANSWER:
thyroid hormone.
calcitonin.
TSH.
parathyroid hormone.
TRH.
thyroid hormone.
Iodine accumulation in thyroid cells involves symport with
ANSWER:
chloride.
potassium.
hydrogen.
sodium.
sodium.
Thyroid hormones
ANSWER:
-are hydrophilic and must bind to plasma proteins for transport to target cells.
-are hydrophilic.
-must bind to plasma proteins for transport to target cells.
-are lipophilic and must bind to plasma proteins for transport to targ
are lipophilic and must bind to plasma proteins for transport to target cells.
The Thyroid hormones T3 and T4 are lipophilic so they do not require transporters to cross cell membranes.
ANSWER:
True
False
False
Which of the following transporters are known to transport thyroid hormones into target cells?
ANSWER:
Sodium-iodide symporter
MCT8
Mineralocorticoid receptor
CaSR (calcium sensing receptor)
TRPV6
MCT8
The pituitary hormone that triggers the release of thyroid hormone from the thyroid gland is
ANSWER:
TSH.
CRH.
FSH.
TRH
ACTH.
TSH.
Hyperthyroidism
ANSWER:
causes cold intolerance.
decreases protein synthesis.
increases protein catabolism.
slows heart rate.
decreases oxygen consumption.
increases protein catabolism.
Effects of thyroid hormone on peripheral tissue include
ANSWER:
decreased heart rate.
decreased oxygen consumption.
increased sensitivity to sympathetic stimulation.
increased activity of osteoclasts.
All of these answers are correct.
increased sensitivity to sympathetic stimulation.
Match the disease with the description.
A. Addison's disease
B. Cushing's disease
C. Graves' disease
D. Paget's disease
hyperthyroidism
C. Graves' disease
GH
ANSWER:
-binds to a plasma protein.
-is secreted by the anterior pituitary and binds to a plasma protein.
-is secreted by the posterior pituitary and binds to a plasma protein.
-is secreted by the posterior pituitary.
-is secreted by the anterior pitui
is secreted by the anterior pituitary and binds to a plasma protein.
Excess secretion of growth hormone during adulthood will cause
ANSWER:
giantism.
diabetes.
acromegaly.
goiter.
exophthalmus.
acromegaly.
Excess growth hormone prior to puberty would result in
ANSWER:
rickets.
osteoporosis.
cretinism.
giantism.
dwarfism.
giantism.
Somatostatin is another name for
ANSWER:
growth hormone-releasing hormone.
growth hormone.
growth hormone-inhibiting hormone.
parathyroid hormone.
thyroid hormone.
growth hormone-inhibiting hormone.
Match the condition with the description.
A. acromegaly
B. adrenogenital syndrome
C. cretinism
D. dwarfism
E. exophthalmus
caused by growth hormone deficiency in childhood
D. dwarfism
Match the condition with the description.
A. acromegaly
B. adrenogenital syndrome
C. cretinism
D. dwarfism
E. exophthalmus
caused by growth hormone excess in adulthood
A. acromegaly
Match the condition with the description.
A. acromegaly
B. adrenogenital syndrome
C. cretinism
D. dwarfism
E. exophthalmus
mental retardation associated with infantile hypothyroidism
C. cretinism
Mature, less active bone cells are termed
ANSWER:
osteoblasts.
osteoclasts.
osteocytes.
chondrocytes.
osteons.
osteocytes.
Transcellular transport of intestinal calcium is accomplished by entry into the epithelial enterocytes via
ANSWER:
an amino acid transporter (MCT8).
apical calcium channels (TRPV6 = ECaC).
a sodium-iodide transporter.
osteoclasts.
CaSR (calcium sensing re
apical calcium channels (TRPV6 = ECaC).
Parathyroid hormone
ANSWER:
increases the rate of calcium absorption.
raises the level of calcium ion in the blood.
stimulates osteoclast activity.
decreases the rate of calcium excretion.
All of these answers are correct.
All of these answers are correct.
The parathyroid glands produce a hormone that
ANSWER:
-increases the level of glucose in the blood.
-increases the level of sodium ions in the blood.
-stimulates the formation of white blood cells.
-increases the level of calcium ions in the blood.
-incre
increases the level of calcium ions in the blood.
Elevated levels of calcium ion in the blood stimulate the secretion of the hormone
ANSWER:
testosterone.
calcitonin.
thyroid hormone.
parathyroid hormone.
growth hormone.
calcitonin.
A condition that produces a reduction in bone mass or density sufficient to compromise normal function is
ANSWER:
cretinism.
osteomyelitis.
osteitis.
osteoporosis.
acromegaly.
osteoporosis.
Calcium reabsorption at the kidneys is promoted by the hormone
ANSWER:
aldosterone.
calcitriol.
ADH.
cortisol.
calcitonin.
calcitriol.
A hormone that can lower blood levels of calcium ion is
ANSWER:
thyroxine.
parathyroid hormone.
oxytocin.
calcitonin.
glucagon.
calcitonin.
Parathyroid hormone is
ANSWER:
the cause of Graves' disease.
dissolved in plasma.
bound to a carrier.
a lipid.
an amine hormone.
an amine hormone.
Vitamin D (calcitriol)
ANSWER:
-is bound to plasma protein for transport only.
-is formed by sunlight only.
-is formed by sunlight and synthesis is stimulated by high calcium levels.
-is formed by sunlight and bound to plasma protein for transport.
-synth
is formed by sunlight and bound to plasma protein for transport.
What is the primary stimulus for parathyroid hormone release and what is its function?
ANSWER:
high levels of Ca2+ in the blood
low levels of Ca2+ in the blood
low levels of Na+ in the blood
high levels of Na+ in the blood
low levels of Ca2+ in the blood
Where would the site of dysfunction be in someone who had excessive TSH and TH but low TRH?
ANSWER:
anterior pituitary
target cells
thyroid gland
hypothalamus
anterior pituitary
Which organ secretes insulin-like growth factors as a result of growth hormone?
ANSWER:
pancreas
liver
adrenal gland
kidney
liver
Which hormone is permissive for growth and important for normal neural development?
ANSWER:
growth hormone
aldosterone
testosterone
thyroid hormone
thyroid hormone