Which area of the brain is responsible for mediating an emotional response into a visceral reaction, such as increased heart rate during anger?
Limbic system
Which reflex is NOT controlled by the brain stem?
urination
Autonomic reflexes are also called ________ reflexes.
visceral
Which of the following structure(s) must ALWAYS be present in order for you to have a skeletal muscle reflex arc?
integrator, afferent neuron, receptor, target cell, efferent neuron, stimulus
Skeletal muscle reflexes can be either monosynaptic or polysynaptic. Which of the following statements is true regarding monosynaptic versus polysynaptic skeletal muscle reflexes?
Monosynaptic reflexes are composed of only two neurons between the stimulus and target cell, while polysynaptic reflexes contain three or more neurons.
Is the patellar tendon reflex a monosynaptic or polysynaptic reflex?
both
Is the cross extensor reflex a monosynaptic or polysynaptic reflex?
polysynaptic
What would happen if a person were to sustain an injury that severed the alpha motor neurons leading to the muscles in the crossed extensor portion of the reflex?
Upon a painful stimulus, a person would withdraw their leg and then lose their balance and possibly fall over.
_____ are stretch receptors inside skeletal muscles.
muscle spindles
In a stretch reflex, what causes the response to stop?
After the response, the stretch receptors are no longer stretched.
Postural reflexes normally do NOT require input from _____ sensory neurons.
auditory
Which outcome of the monosynaptic stretch reflex reflects reciprocal inhibition?
The interneuron's effect on the somatic motor neuron
The reflex that prevents a muscle from exerting too much tension is the
tendon reflex
The reflex that complements a withdrawal reflex by making compensatory adjustments on the opposite side of the body receiving the stimulus is the
crossed extensor reflex
It is the middle of winter and you walk over an icy patch and lose your balance. As you begin to fall, you react by extending your arms to catch yourself. In this instance, what type of reflex is occurring?
crossed extensor reflex
A muscle at rest exerts no tension. Is this statement true or false?
false
Which type of reflex always involves skeletal muscles?
somatic relfex
The effector in a reflex is the
muscle or gland
A polysynaptic reflex has at least ________ in the reflex pathway.
two synapses and three neurons
Most reflexes are regulated by ________ feedback
negative
Which type of movement is the most complex and is integrated in the cerebral cortex?
voluntary movements
Voluntary movements require coordinated control between the cerebral cortex, the cerebellum, and the ________.
basal ganglia
Which area of the brain is responsible for planning and initiating movement?
cerebral cortex
Rhythmic reflexive motor activities, such as breathing or walking, are controlled by networks of neurons in the central nervous system called
central pattern generators