Which term describes the physical attraction between ligand and binding site
Affinity
What would the graph look like when graphing binding of the concentration of available ligand?
Sigmoidal curve
When comparing the binding of two receptors for the same ligand, the binding curve that is further to the left on a standard graph of receptor binding indicates
higher affinity between the ligand and the receptor used too generate that curve.
The presence of a specific binding protein for transport of the lipid soluble hormone means
More of the hormone can be dissolved in blood than is predicted nyt the solubility coefficient because of the presence of the carrier protein...
Which of the following signal transduction pathways involves phosphorylation of transcription factore allowing dimerize, translocate to the nucleus and increase transcription of specific messages.
Binding activates JAK that attached to the reseptor molecule
THe largest superfamily of receptors which of the follwong types of signaling pathways
G-protein-coupled receptors
Theenzyme that breaks PIP2 into IP3 and DAG is
Phospholipase C
An enzyme that creates a binding site on its substrate protein is a
Tyrosine kinase
The importance of a series of activated enzymes in a signaling pathway is...
amplication of original chemical signal
NSAIDS like aspirin or ibuprofen act by blocking or reducing the activity of...
cyclooxyggenase enzymes
Which of the following is a signaling protein activated by binding of calcium?
Calmodium
Ganglia are structures in the
PNS
Action potentials are carried on the
Axon
Motor neurons are also
Efferent neurons
THe most common type of neuron is an
Interneuron
Movement of the vesicle of materials from the nerve terminals from the nerve terminals of a neuron to the soma of the neuron is called
Retrograde transport
the glial cells which produce the CSF withing the CNS
Ependymal cells
Capacitance of the membrane
Is the collection of oppositely charged particles on either side of the cell membrane due to RMP
THe ion in highest concentration inside the cell is
K
Cytosolic calcium concentration is always
very low in a cell at rest
The voltage across the membrane at the point where sodium currents across the cell membrane in both directions are equal is called
the nernst potential of sodium
In classm, I described the Goldman equation is being sort of a weighted, composite version of the equation for equilibrium potential. How is the equation weighted within its own formula
for the membrane permeability of each individual ion
The term "undershoot" refers to
the part of the action potentiall when membrane potential is less than resting potential
Which is essentially the flow of ncurent within nerve cells
graded potentials
Which is generated by changes in current flow across the membrane of axons
acion potentials
Which shows decrement in its amplitude as it travels
graded potentials
What triggers an action potential
a recepter potential, a post-synaptic potential, and pacemake potential
The rising phase of the actionpotentail in neurons is associated with
Increasing Na permeability
The falling phase of the action potential is associated with
increased K permeability and decreased NA permeability.
The positive feedback loop that insures an action potentail fires is a generated by
voltage-gated Na channels
The negative feedback loop that helps to end absolute refractoriness of a neuron is generated by
voltage-gated K CHANNELS
During relative refractoriness
some voltage gated Na channels have reset
the reason that diameter of an axon affects the speed of conduction is
the larger diameter means the current of graded potential travels faster...
In saltatory conduction down myelinated axons
the signal under the myelin is current inside the cell and the signal at the nodes is an action potential
The post-synapric density is caused by
the clustering of reseptor proteins and other signaling npathway proteins in the membrane.
A synapse that modifies activity in a nerve terminal to reduce release of neurotransmitter for the nerve terminal onto itspastsynap[tic cell is calles...
an axo-axonic synapse
Release of neurotransmitter from a pre-synaptic cell requires
opening of voltage-gated Ca channels on the synaptic nerve terminal
Isoproterenol is used to speed up the heart and can also be administered in inhaled form to relax airways during an asthma attack; it is
an agonist for epinephrine at beta adrenergic receptor.
During long term potentiation at a glutamatergic synapse, which channel needs initial depolarization
the NMDA receptor (ca channel)
The enzyme that degrades norepinephrine in the synaptic cleft is
monoamine oxidase
Which type or receptor is also an ion channels
nicotinic cholinergic receptor
What is the most common excitatory neurotransmitter in the brain?
GLutamate
What is the most common inhibitory neurotransmitter in the spinal cord?
Glycine
THe most common neuromodulator in the CNS is
Serotonin
THe lobe of the cortex where personility , decision,intiative and morals are generated is
frontal
The one part of the brain required to be present and functioning in order for a human to stand is the
cerebellum
Visual information is processed in
the occipital lobe of the cerebral cortex
Which part of the gray matter of the cerebral cortex stores motor patterns and sends signals to activate motor neurons
the rostral (anterior) "half" (from central sulcus forward)
The cranial nerve that innerviates the tooth sockets and is frequent target of dentists
trigeminal nerve (V)
The motor neurons that innervate skeletal muscles have soma located in the
the ventral horn of the spinal cord.
The spinal nerves that carry sensory and motor information going t the arms are the
cervical nerves
The snsory neurons that recieve input from skin, skeletal muscles nd joints have soma located in the
the dorsal root ganglia
Parasympathetic nerves leave the CNS via
The vagus nerve; the sacral spinal nerves
The neurotransmitter in the ganglion in both divisions of the sutonomic nervous system is
Acetycholine
Which of the following indicates how closely the points lie to the line for a linear or curvilineart regression?
THE R2
WHICH OF THE FOLLOWING INDICATES WHETHER A LINEAR OR CURVILINEAR REGRESSION IS A SIGNIFICANT FIT TO THE DATASET used to derive the equation
the p value
What are the underlying assumptions that must be tested prior to running a parametric statistical test
equal variance; normality of distribution
What is usually organized into the colums of a data table when reporting data in a scientific paper?
independent and dependent vaiables.
What is usually organized into the rows of a data table when reporting data ina scientific paper?
Levels of independent variabe, individual obsrvations of an experiment.
Assume you are making a bar graph, which bar would go on the left?
control group or condition
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