The link between a first messenger and a second messenger in a cell that responds to peptide hormones is usually
a G protein
Each of the following statements concerning peptide hormones is true except one. Identify the exception
Peptide hormones in the bloodstream are always bound to carrier proteins.
lipophobic molecule that interacts with receptors on cell surface
peptide hormone
storage and release site for oxytocin
posterior pituitary gland
derivatives of tyrosine
amino-acid-derived hormones
cannot be stored in secretory vesicles
steroid hormones
site of vasopressin synthesis
hypothalamus
true endocrine gland of epithelial origin
anterior pituitary gland
When adenylyl cyclase is activated,
cAMP is formed
The pituitary hormone that controls hormone synthesis and release from the thyroid gland is
TSH
Typically, when steroid hormones bind to their receptors,
gene transcription may increase or decrease
Steroid hormones are synthesized in the ________ of the cell.
smooth endoplasmic reticulum
The pituitary hormone that controls the release of glucocorticoids from the adrenal cortex is
ACTH
When a catecholamine or peptide hormone binds to receptors on the surface of a cell,
a second messenger appears in the cytoplasm.
Each of the following hormones is an amino acid derivative except one. Identify the exception.
thyroid-stimulating hormone
What hormone is produced by anterior pituitary
prolactin
What hormone is produced by pineal gland
melatonin
What hormone is produced by pancreas
insulin
What hormone is produced by adrenal cortex
aldosterone
What hormone is produced by adrenal medulla
epinephrine
What hormone is produced by thyroid
calcitonin
The posterior pituitary gland secretes
ADH
Which of the following is NOT a method of hormone action
All are methods of hormone action
The posterior pituitary gland is also known as the ________.
neurohypophysis
The term for two hormones that have additive effects is ________.
synergists
The trophic hormones reach the pituitary through the ________.
hypothalamic-hypophyseal portal system
When stimulated by a particular hormone, there is a marked increase in the activity of G proteins in the membrane. The hormone is probably
a peptide
The outer layer of the adrenal gland is called the ________.
cortex
The ________ of a hormone is an indicator of how long a hormone is active in the body.
half-life
Two hormones that have opposing effects are called ________.
antagonists
After a hormone has exerted its effects, it typically
is inactivated or removed from the blood.
The anterior pituitary gland is also known as the ________.
adenohypophysis
The ________ gland sits along the superior border of the kidney.
adrenal
Synergism occurs when
hormones working together produce a larger effect than predicted.
The adrenal cortex produces a steroid hormone called ________ that controls Na+ and K+ homeostasis
aldosterone
The sex hormones that regulate the male and female reproductive organs are collectively called ________.
gonadotropins
Chemical signals released into the blood by neurons are called ________.
neurohormones
The term for any hormone that controls the secretion of another hormone is a ________.
trophic
The study of hormones is known as the field of ________.
endocrinology
The signal molecule produced by one animal that may affect the behavior of another animal of the same species is the ________.
pheromone
The term that describes the need for one hormone to be present for a second hormone to produce a full effect is called ________.
permissive effects
The hormones of the anterior pituitary are controlled by trophic hormones from the ________.
hypothalamus
________ is a decrease in the number of receptors of target cells in order to dampen the effects of excess hormone.
down-regulation