Which came first, the chicken or the egg?
the egg came first. the egg had a mutation that manifested into the proto-chicken.
What is biology?
the study of living organisms
two definitions of science
1) tries to find the truth
2) systematic approach to knowledge
6 steps of the scientific method
1) problem 2) hypothesis 3) materials 4) procedure 5)results/data/observation 6)conclusion
experimental variable
the variable you change in an experiment
experimental controls
All the things you keep the same in an experiment
dependent variable
a variable (often denoted by y ) whose value depends on that of another.
independent variable
a variable (often denoted by x ) whose variation does not depend on that of another.
Qualatative
words
Quantative
numbers + words
bias
prejudice in favor of or against one thing, person, or group compared with another, usually in a way considered to be unfair.
placebo
a fake drug used in the testing of medication
cure for cancer
group a :
same cancer
same age
same weight
same health
medicine (experimental variable)
LIVED TWO MORE YEARS (dependent variable)
group b:
same cancer
same age
same weight
same health
placebo (experimental variable )
DIED (dependent variable)
DNA Song
DNA has a sugar, a phosphate and a base
T(Thymine) goes with A(Adenine)
G(Guanine) goes with C(Cytosine)
natural selection
Overproduction > Variation > Natural Selection (best favored in the environment survive) > Inherited
Mendel's experiments
1st gen: purple flower(PP) x white flower(pp) =
2nd gen: all purple flowers (Pp) reproduce =
3rd gen: 75% purple flowers, 25% white flowers
3:1 phenotype, 1:2:1 genotype ( PP, Pp, pp)
Evolution
genetic change in a population over time
Meiosis
Makes sex cells or gametes (sperm + eggs)
46 chromosomes to 23
Diploid -> haploid
Mechanisms of Evolution
Natural selection, genetics, competitive advantage and adaptions
Homozygous
Having two identical alleles for a particular gene
Heterozygous
An organism that has two different alleles for a trait