Ecology Exam #3

Which of the following is an example of an ecological community?

The many types of bacteria, fungi, and other microbes living in a human intestine

Which of the interactions are beneficial to one species but harmful to another?

Parasitism

Two species of birds feed on similar types of insects, and nest in the same tree species. This is an example of:

Exploitation competition

Two species of photosynthetic bacteria live in ocean water but use different wavelengths of light in photosynthesis. This example illustrates:

Resource partitioning

Studies of competing species in the same niche generally reveal that

Both species will alter their niches in a short time and then coexist

Field rats eat truffles, they carry mycorrhizae inside. Its spores concentrate in the feces of the art. Therefore, they disperse the spores to places where there are new host plants. What interaction unites these species?

Mutualism

Two species of monkeys feed on insects that live in holes in the same tree. The first species looks for insects in the upper part of the tree, while the other species does it in the lower part of the tree. This Example illustrates:

Resource partitioning

A bee pollinates a flower while sipping its nectar

Mutualism

An owl and a wood duck both need a tree cavity to nest

Competition

A snake eats a mouse

Predation

A mosquito sucks your blood

parasitism

The antipredator strategies employed by ladybird beetles is

Aposematic coloration

Which type of parasites feed or live by taking food that another individual has caught?

Cleptoparasite

Mycorrhizal fungi (directly) help their plant partners acquire

Soil nutrients.

________ mutualism describes a relationship where species are so dependent on their mutualistic relationship they cannot live in its absence.

Obligate

Which statement best describes a keystone species?

A rare uncommon species that has a strong effect on its community

Within a food web, herbivores are considered to be

intermediate species

The species at the top of a food web

Prey on other species and are not subject to predation

As the degree of environmental heterogeneity of a community increases, the number of plant and animals species tend to

Increase

The number of species within a community is usually greatest when

An intermediate frequency of disturbance occurs

When top-down control occurs within an intertidal zone along the rocky coastline of the Pacific Ocean, which of the following species controls the abundance of other species?

Starfish

Which major of the following is the least major agent of disturbance?

A rainstorm

The impact of a disturbance is determined by its

Frequency, intensity, and scale

As glaciers in North America melted, formerly glaciated areas were invaded by

Boreal forest, dominated by spruce and jack pine

A community in which secondary succession is very rapid has

High resilience

An example of secondary succession is

Crabgrass colonizing an abandoned wheat field

Being successful competing for sunlight means that plants should develop some of the following adaptations, except:

Using mycorrhizae

The ___ defines the physical conditions under which a species might live, in the absence of interaction with other species

Fundamental niche

If a predator affects all phenotypes within the prey population equally, will the interaction function as an agent of natural selection?

Even if a predator influences all phenotypes of the prey population equally still it will not result in natural selection

Batesian mimicry

A type of mimicry in which a harmless species looks like a species that is poisonous or otherwise harmful to predators.

Mullerian mimicry

two or more unpalatable species resemble each other

intermediate disturbance hypothesis

the hypothesis that ecosystems experiencing intermediate levels of disturbance are more diverse than those with high or low disturbance levels

Mutualism

A relationship between two species in which both species benefit