Basic Idea of Natural Selection
Individuals with specific inherited traits will survive and reproduce with individuals with other traits
evolutionary adaption
Different modifications to specific ways of life in the environment
5 types of Evolution
- edward from Fossils
- evidence from homologies
- evidence from evolutionary trees
- evidence from natural selection
- evidence from population
What kinds of adaptations did Darwin observe in the Gal�pagos finches?
The Finches lived in areas with a lot of hard shelled nuts had strong thicker beaks, compared to those who lived in areas with insects and fruit had more delicate beaks
What are the two observations that formed that basis of Darwin's theory of natural selection?
- all organisms struggle to survive
- some are better adapted to the environment than others
Describe one example of natural selection
pesticide residence in insects
What is a population
a group of individuals of the same species that live in the same area and interbreed
genetic variation
- sexual reproduction
- mutations
gene pool
all copies of every type of allele at every locus in members of the population
what is genetic drift
a change in the gene pool of population due to chance
bottleneck effect
a genetic drift due to a drastic reduction in population
founder effect
a genetic drift because of a small new population whose gene pools differ from that of the parental population
gene flow
the genetic exchange with another population. A population can either lose or gain alleles when fertile individuals move into or out of the population or when gametes are transferred between populations
Darwinian Fitness
Genetic contribution of an individuals to the next generation gene pool measured by the number of offspring or close relatives that survive to reproduce
Directional selection
favors one extreme phenotype
stabilizing selection
favors intermediate phenotypes