Evo Study Guide

Evolution

Population's DNA change overtime

Gene Pool

All the DNA from a population

Ways to chance a gene pool

Immigration, Emigration, Birth, Death

Allele Frequency

Percent of an allele in a population

What results in Evolution

Any process that changes or disrupts allele frequencies

Two ways to create Evolution

Natural selection, genetic drift

Natural Selection

The organism that is better adapted survives.

Genetic Drift

Chance events that change the population

Species

individuals in a population that can make and produce fertile offspring.

Speciation

The process to make a new species

Geographical Isolation

Physical barrier that prevents part of a population from mating.

Temporal Isolation

Individuals in a population that are active at different times

Reproduction Isolation

The physical act of reproduction is impossible

Behavioral Isolation

individuals in a population may have different behaviors that prevent mating.

Polyploidy

a mistake during meiosis that leads to additional chromosomes present

Fertile Hybrid

occasionally, two different species mate to produce a fertile hybrid

Embryology

By comparing the similarities between between the different embryos, it is thought that many organisms share a common ancestor

Vestigial Structures

Structures in current organisms that have no function but are leftovers from ancestors. You can see how organisms change overtime

Molecular (DNA) Evidence

By comparing DNA between species, you can see similar proteins and sequences that they share. The more similarities, the more recently they likely share a common ancestor.

Homologous Structure

Features in organisms that are similar in structure (having two eyes, one mouth, four limbs, etc.) But may appear different physically between organisms and may have different functions (shows there was a common ancestor)

Analogous Structure

Animals in similar environment will usually evolve very similar adaptations/structures independently of one another (ex. Many different types of species in the snow will eventually evolve white coats independently of one another.

Coevolution

Different species who interact so closely that a change in one species often results in a change in the other.

Convergent Evolution

two or more unrelated species evolving similar characteristics due to similar characteristics

Divergent Evolution

closely related species evolving in different directions due to different selective pressures.