observation on natural selection: in each generation, populations produce _____ _______ ______ _____ _____ _____. multiple causes of death
more offspring than there are adults.
observation on natural selection: populations ___ ____ continue to _____ in size
do not; grow
observation on natural selection: food and many other resources are _________
limited
observation on natural selection: ________ within all populations ______ in height colour, speed, etc.
individuals; vary
observation on natural selection: many __________ are _________
variations; heritable
inference on natural selection: _______ within a population ________ for _______
individuals; compete; resources
inference of natural selection: some ________ will _______ _______ that give them an _______. (better chance of surviving and reproducing)
individuals; inherit characteristics; advantage
theory of natural selection: over time, the _______ _______ as ________ _______ characteristics become more common ________ after geeration
population changes; advantageous heritable; generation
adaptation
a characteristic or feature of a species that makes it well suited for survival in the environment
survival of the fittest
fitness is defined by reproductive success. no offspring= not fit. fitness= fit to the environment
differential reproduction
variation in reproductive rates
differential survival
differences in survivability by organisms
selection pressure
factors which determine if an organism is successful at surviving and reproducing
selected for
traits with advantages
selected against
traits with disadvantages
fitness
the ability to survive and reproduce
heritable trait
a characteristic which is influences by genes and passed on from one parent to offspring. (fur coulor on a mouse)
natural selection
over time, an adaptation becomes more and more common in a population.
natural selection and fitness
because the adaptation generally increases fitness, the individuals with the trait generally produce more offspring.
natural selection and heritability
because the trait is heritable, offspring generally have the same trait as their parents. over time this adaptation becomes more and more common in the population
natural selection and environment
a characteristic that is an adaptation in one environment may not be one in another environment