evolution

taxonomy

The scientific study of how living things are classified

why do scientists classify

make them easier to study

binomial nomenclature

Two part naming system

structure of binomial names

First last (italicized)

order of taxa

kingdom
phylum
class
order
genus
species

6 kingdoms

Archaebacteria, Eubacteria, Protista, Fungi, Plantae, Animalia

what do phylogenetic relationships mean about the relatedness of species

relative times in the past that species shared common ancestors. They're more closely related

phylogenetic tree

A diagram that describes the evolutionary relationships among various species.

cladogram

diagram that shows the evolutionary relationships among a group of organisms

fitness

Ability of an organism to survive and reproduce in its environment

natural selection

A natural process resulting in the evolution of organisms best adapted to the environment.

adaptation

A trait that helps an organism survive and reproduce

lamarckian evolution

acquired traits from the individual being passed on (long neck in giraffe)

succession

structure of a biological community evolves over time

what is evidence of evolution

-change in DNA
-change in phenotype

what did fossils show darwin

historical record of the different stages in the evolution of life/ how they adapted

homologous structure

same structure different function

analogous structures

same function different structure

embryology

The science of the development of embryos from fertilization to birth

allopatric

geographically separate

sympatric

Originating in or sharing the same geographical location

how do populations become geographically isolated

geographic barriers like mountains or volcanoes

how do populations become re productively isolated

adaptations that make them impossible to breed together

co-evolution

the influence of closely associated species on each other in their evolution.

convergent evolution

Evolution toward similar characteristics in unrelated species

adaptive radiation

the rapid expansion and diversification of species into new ecological niches

speciation

the formation of new and distinct species in the course of evolution.

acclimation

an organism's change in response to a change in the organism's environment

mutation

A change in a gene or chromosome.