taxonomy
The scientific study of how living things are classified
why do scientists classify
make them easier to study
binomial nomenclature
Two part naming system
structure of binomial names
First last (italicized)
order of taxa
kingdom
phylum
class
order
genus
species
6 kingdoms
Archaebacteria, Eubacteria, Protista, Fungi, Plantae, Animalia
what do phylogenetic relationships mean about the relatedness of species
relative times in the past that species shared common ancestors. They're more closely related
phylogenetic tree
A diagram that describes the evolutionary relationships among various species.
cladogram
diagram that shows the evolutionary relationships among a group of organisms
fitness
Ability of an organism to survive and reproduce in its environment
natural selection
A natural process resulting in the evolution of organisms best adapted to the environment.
adaptation
A trait that helps an organism survive and reproduce
lamarckian evolution
acquired traits from the individual being passed on (long neck in giraffe)
succession
structure of a biological community evolves over time
what is evidence of evolution
-change in DNA
-change in phenotype
what did fossils show darwin
historical record of the different stages in the evolution of life/ how they adapted
homologous structure
same structure different function
analogous structures
same function different structure
embryology
The science of the development of embryos from fertilization to birth
allopatric
geographically separate
sympatric
Originating in or sharing the same geographical location
how do populations become geographically isolated
geographic barriers like mountains or volcanoes
how do populations become re productively isolated
adaptations that make them impossible to breed together
co-evolution
the influence of closely associated species on each other in their evolution.
convergent evolution
Evolution toward similar characteristics in unrelated species
adaptive radiation
the rapid expansion and diversification of species into new ecological niches
speciation
the formation of new and distinct species in the course of evolution.
acclimation
an organism's change in response to a change in the organism's environment
mutation
A change in a gene or chromosome.