NBE PATHOLOGY Chapter 17 Diseases of the Endocrine System

acromegaly

enlargement of bones of hands and feet and face

Addison's disease

rare childhood disorder with deficiencies of glucocorticoids and mineralocorticoids, may occur as a result of trauma, infection or autoimmune response, develops gradually.

cretinism

condition of congenital hypothyroidism in children that results in a lack of mental development and dwarfed physical stature; the thyroid gland is either congenitally absent or imperfectly developed

Crushing's syndrome

Aldosterone and Cortisol
(oversecretion)
high blood glucose and blood pressure altered protein and carbohydrate metabolism

goiter

enlargement of the thyroid gland caused by thyroid dysfunction, tumor, lack of iodine in the diet, or inflammation (goiter = throat)

Graves' disease

Multisystem autoimmune disorder characterized by pronounced hyperthyroidism usually associated with enlarged thyroid gland and exophthalmos (abnormal protrusion of the eyeball)

hyperthyroidism

an overactive thyroid gland

myxedema

advanced hypothyroidism in adults characterized by sluggishness, slow pulse, puffiness in the hands and face, and dry skin (myx = mucous)

polyuria

renal disorder characterized by the production of large volumes of pale dilute urine

Waterhouse-Friderichsen Syndrome

This is a disease of the adrenal glands most commonly caused by the bacterium Neisseria meningitidis. The infection leads to massive hemorrhage into one or (usually) both adrenal glands. It is characterized by overwhelming bacterial infection meningococce

Diabetes Mellitus

diabetes caused by a relative or absolute deficiency of insulin and characterized by polyuria

Pancreas Cancer

RF- smoking, alcohol, AA descent, 60-80 yrs old, high fat diet, DM. S&S- insidious onset, pain (dull epigastric to back), jaundice, wt loss, intestinal obstruction, N/V. Rx- remove pancreas, 99% mortality, pain control, chemo & radiation is inclusive

Giantism

from childhood persons size is pathologically large but person will be weak, not a proportionate growth of contractile proteins in mucles, prone to diabetes, die early

Dwarfism

Deficiency of the GH results in _____ which becomes apparent by 6 months of age, infant exhibits growth retardation, chubbiness in lower trunk & short stature. Secondary tooth eruption delayed & delay in puberty. Sex hormones may not develop normally unle

Diabetes Insipidus

a rare form of diabetes resulting from a deficiency of vasopressin (the pituitary hormone that regulates the kidneys)

Hyperparathyroidism

excessive secretion of parathyroid hormone resulting in abnormally high levels of calcium in the blood

Hypoparathyroidism

inadequate secretion of parathyroid hormone resulting in abnormally low levels of calcium in the blood

Hypothyroidism

condition of hyposecretion of the thyroid gland causing low thyroid levels in the blood that result in sluggishness, slow pulse, and often obesity

Acetone

Ketone body produced in abnormal amounts in uncontrolled diabetes mellitus, when there is excessive fat breakdown in cells.

Type I Diabetes

pancreatic cells Insulin is not produced by the pancreas, impacting glucose utilization and insulin-dependant functions. Increase in adipose lipase, Acetyl-CoA carboxylase falls (not making F.A.s). Untreated diabetics produce excessive ketone bodies and t

Type II Diabetes

mild form of diabetes mellitus that develops gradually in adults

Adenoma

a benign tumor of a gland can stimulate over secretion of hormone in the structure from which it develops

Exophthalmia

protrusion of the eyeball from its orbit; may be congenital or the result of an endocrine disorder

Primary dilution

Occurs when the concentrated fluid is mixed with water in the tank of the embalming machine. It is controlled by the embalmer

Secondary dilution

Occurs when the injected arterial fluid mixes with the fluids in the deceased's remains. It is not under the embalmer's direct control. It may be necessary, therefore, to utilize several injection points with different strengths and quantities of embalmin