A decrease in the size and function of a cell, a tissue, an organ, or the whole body is referred to as:
A. emigration.
B. atrophy
C. hyperplasia.
D. inflammation.
B. atrophy
The first response of the body to injury is:
A. anaphylaxis.
B. erythema.
C. fever.
D. Systemic
D. Systemic
Which type of inflammation occurs when the injury is minimal and brief and its source is removed from the tissue?
A. Acute
B. Chronic
C. Local
D. Systemic
A. Acute
Which type of cell is the first to arrive at the site of injury and is the primary cell type involved in acute inflammation?
A. Macrophage
B. Neutrophil
C. Plasma cell
D. Mast cell
B. Neutrophil
Which one of the following is not a classic local sign of inflammation?
A. Redness
B. Swelling
C. Leukocytosis
D. Loss of normal tissue function
C. Leukocytosis
Healing of an injury in which there is little loss of tissue, such as a surgical incision, is referred to as healing by:
A. tertiary intention.
B. keloid formation.
C. secondary intention.
D. primary intention.
D. primary intention.
The wearing away of tooth structure during mastication is called:
A. attrition.
B. erosion.
C. abrasion.
D. abfraction.
A. attrition.
The loss of tooth structure seen in bulimia is caused by:
A. anorexia.
B. erosion.
C. attrition.
D. bruxism
B. erosion.
A patient comes to the office for an emergency visit. The patient complains of a toothache in the left mandibular posterior area. On clinical examination you notice a gray-to-white patch on the left posterior buccal mucosa. On questioning, the patient tel
B. aspirin.
This white raised line observed on the buccal mucosa along the occlusal plane of the teeth is:
A. cheek biting.
B. linea alba.
C. white sponge nevus.
D. frictional keratosis.
B. linea alba
Which one of the following describes white blood cells adhering to the walls of a blood vessel during inflammation?
A. Margination
B. Pavementing
C. Leukocytosis
D. Emigration
B. Pavementing
Which one of the following is a systemic sign of inflammation?
A. Redness
B. Pain
C. Loss of normal tissue function
D. Fever
D. Fever
The enlargement of lymph nodes is called:
A. atrophy.
B. lymphadenopathy.
C. hyperplasia.
D. leukocytosis.
B. lymphadenopathy.
The first microscopic event in the inflammatory response is:
A. decreased blood flow.
B. constriction of the microvasculature.
C. phagocytosis.
D. dilation of microvasculature
B. constriction of the microvasculature.
Serous exudate is composed of:
A. tissue debris and many white blood cells.
B. suppuration.
C. plasma fluids and proteins with a few white blood cells.
D. plasma fluids and red blood cells.
C. plasma fluids and proteins with a few white blood cells.
When formation of exudate is excessive, a drainage tract may develop through the injured tissue. This channel is often called:
A. a fistula
B. leukocytosis.
C. erythema.
D. emigration.
A. a fistula
Neutrophils constitute how much of the entire white blood cell population?
A. 5%
B. 20%
C. 65%
D. 90%
C. 65%
All of the following are true concerning the neutrophil except that the neutrophil is:
A. the first cell at the site of injury.
B. the primary cell in acute inflammation.
C. the primary cell in chronic inflammation.
D. a phagocyte.
C. the primary cell in chronic inflammation.
Which system in the blood mediates inflammation by causing increased dilation of the blood vessels at the site of injury and increases the permeability of local blood vessels?
A. Kinin system
B. Clotting system
C. Complement system
D. Lysosomal enzymes
A. Kinin system
Which one of the following is a steroidal antiinflammatory drug?
A. Aspirin
B. Prednisone
C. Ibuprofen
D. Motrin
B. Prednisone
Which of the following is defined as an increase in the number of cells in a tissue or organ?
A. Hypertrophy
B. Atrophy
C. Hyperplasia
D. Repair
C. Hyperplasia
Excessive scarring in skin is called:
A. a keloid.
B. healing by primary intention.
C. a hematoma.
D. healing by tertiary intention.
A. a keloid.
The first sign of attrition is:
A. open contacts.
B. disappearance of mamelons on incisors
C. temporomandibular joint dysfunction.
D. biomechanical forces on the teeth.
B. disappearance of mamelons on incisors
Which one of the following is not a cause of abrasion?
A. Pipe placement by pipe smokers
B. Playing wind instruments
C. Holding needles or pins with the teeth
D. Frequent sucking on lemons
D. Frequent sucking on lemons
Aspirin burn on the oral mucosa:
A. is caused by ingestion of too many aspirin tablets.
B. is caused by placing the aspirin on the tooth with the toothache, causing the surrounding mucosa to become necrotic.
C. is painless.
D. requires a biopsy for diagno
B. is caused by placing the aspirin on the tooth with the toothache, causing the surrounding mucosa to become necrotic.
Electric burns in the oral area are usually seen in:
A. electricians.
B. infants and young children.
C. the elderly.
D. individuals involved in an electrical fire.
B. infants and young children.
The diagnosis of a traumatic ulcer is usually based on:
A. history of the lesion.
B. scalpel biopsy.
C. therapeutic procedures.
D. laboratory tests.
A. history of the lesion.
The major cause of a mucocele is:
A. a sialolith.
B. salivary duct obstruction.
C. trauma to a minor duct.
D. allergic reaction.
C. trauma to a minor duct.
Necrotizing sialometaplasia is thought to result from:
A. lack of blood supply to the affected salivary gland
B. a sialolith.
C. trauma to the floor of the mouth.
D. pleomorphic adenoma.
A. lack of blood supply to the affected salivary gland
Which of the following is most likely to result in frictional keratosis?
A. High-fiber diet
B. Chewing on an edentulous ridge
C. Malignancy
D. Daily use of mouthwash
B. Chewing on an edentulous ridge
Lesion on the palate is typically associated with heavy pipe and cigar smoking and is called:
A. tobacco pouch keratosis.
B. necrotizing sialometaplasia.
C. nicotine stomatitis
D. frictional keratosis.
C. nicotine stomatitis.
Traumatic neuroma is a lesion caused by injury to:
A. The epithelium
B. A peripheral nerve
C. A salivary gland
D. Striated muscle
B. A peripheral nerve
Which of the following is a lesion that occurs on the gingiva or alveolar process and contains many multinucleated giant cells, red blood cells, and chronic inflammatory cells?
A. Ranula
B. Central giant cell granuloma
C. Fibroma
D. Peripheral giant cell
D. Peripheral giant cell granuloma
Epulis fissuratum is caused by:
A. Denture adhesive products
B. Poor suction in the palatal vault
C. Poor denture hygiene
D. An ill-fitting denture flange
D. An ill-fitting denture flange
Granular, erythematous papillary surface of the palatal vault was caused by (Inflammatory Papillary Hyperplasia):
A. Poor oral hygiene
B. An ill-fitting suction area of a maxillary denture
C. The denture flange
D. Soaking the denture in caustic rinses
B. An ill-fitting suction area of a maxillary denture
The most common site for the pulp polyp is:
A. the occlusal surface of a large open carious tooth.
B. the apex of the tooth.
C. the gingival margin of the tooth.
D. deep in the pulp canal
A. the occlusal surface of a large open carious tooth.
Which one of the following does not cause gingival enlargement?
A. Hormonal changes
B. Calcium channel blockers
C. Hereditary factors
D. Nitroglycerin
D. Nitroglycerin
Which one of the following inflammatory periapical lesions is most painful?
A. Periapical abscess
B. Periapical granuloma
C. Radicular cyst
D. Residual cyst
A. Periapical abscess
Resorption of tooth structure from outside the tooth is called:
A. internal resorption.
B. external resorption.
C. idiopathic tooth resorption.
D. condensing osteitis.
B. external resorption.
A process during inflammation in which white blood cells move to the blood vessel wall is referred to as:
A. chemotaxis.
B. margination.
C. leukocytosis.
D. transudate.
B. margination.
An example of an irreversible cellular response that occurs during tissue injury is:
A. atrophy.
B. hypertrophy.
C. hyperplasia.
D. necrosis
D. necrosis
The inflammatory response is a dynamic process, continually changing in response to injury and repair. Repair of tissue occurs only if the persistent source of injury is removed.
A. Both statements are true.
B. Both statements are false.
C. The first stat
A. Both statements are true.
Hyperemia is responsible for which two clinical signs of inflammation?
A. Emigration and pain
B. Heat and erythema
C. Transudation and redness
D. Swelling and chemotaxis
B. Heat and erythema
During the microscopic event of inflammation, pain may be caused by which of the following?
A. Phagocytosis
B. Leukocytosis
C. Exudate formation
D. Anaphylaxis
C. Exudate formation
During the acute inflammatory process, the second type of white blood cell to emigrate from the blood vessel into the injured tissue is the:
A. macrophage
B. neutrophil.
C. plasma cell.
D. lymphocyte.
A. macrophage.
Each of the following statements regarding the atrophy of tissue cells is true except one. Which one is the exception?
A. Atrophied cells are capable of returning to their normal size after stress is removed.
B. Atrophy can occur with changes in cellular
D. Atrophy occurs in the smooth muscles of the uterus and the mammary glands in response to pregnancy.
If the source of injury has been completely removed, the inflammation and immune responses in the tissues are completed in approximately what time frame?
A. Day after removal of injury
B. Two days after removal of injury
C. Seven days after removal of inj
C. Seven days after removal of injury
Repair of bone injury is similar to the process that takes place in fibrous connective tissue except that it involves the creation of bone tissue. The removal of osteoblast-producing tissues and excessive movement of the bone promote bone healing.
A. Both
C. The first statement is true; the second is false
In cases of healing, if an infected injury is left open and the edges are not surgically joined until the infection is controlled, this is referred to as _____ intention.
A. primary
B. secondary
C. tertiary
C. tertiary
Each of the following is a factor that may impair healing except one. Which one is the exception?
A. Tobacco use
B. Staphylococcus
C. Nutritional supplements
D. Renal failure
C. Nutritional supplements
A tooth must be extracted if internal root resorption is present and a perforation occurs.
A. Both the statement and reason are correct and related.
B. Both the statement and reason are correct but not related.
C. The statement is correct, but the reason
Both the statement and reason are correct and related.
A wedge-shaped defect at the cervical area of a tooth, the cause of which is related to microfracture of the tooth structure in areas of concentration of stress, is called:
A. attrition.
B. erosion.
C. abrasion.
D. abfraction.
D. abfraction
Which of the following is characteristic of erosion?
A. It is a pathologic wearing away of tooth structure that results from a repetitive mechanical habit.
B. It is caused by local factors such as occlusal interferences in combination with stress and tens
C. If tooth structure is lost around a restoration, the restoration will appear raised from the surrounding demineralized tooth structure.
Aspirin burn to the oral mucosa appears as:
A. white.
B. pigmented.
C. bulbous.
D. papillary.
A. white.
The most likely cause of a ranula is:
A. inflammation of gland tissue.
B. blockage of blood supply.
C. trauma to a minor duct.
D. salivary duct obstruction.
D. salivary duct obstruction.
Each of the following is most likely to result in frictional keratosis except one. Which one is the exception?
A. Chronic cheek biting
B. Chewing on an edentulous ridge
C. Cigarette smoking
D. Tongue chewing
C. Cigarette smoking
These elongated folds of tissue are a result of irritation from an ill-fitting denture. The accurate diagnosis for this lesion is:
A. palatal papillomatosis.
B. gingival hyperplasia.
C. chronic hyperplastic pulpitis.
D. epulis fissuratum.
D. epulis fissuratum.
The eight categories that provide information leading to a definitive diagnosis are as follows: microscopic, clinical, laboratory, surgical, differential findings, radiographic, therapeutic, and:
A. etiology.
B. historical.
C. chief complaint.
D. treatmen
B. historical
A radiolucency that "scallops around the roots of teeth" is often used to describe a:
A. traumatic bone cyst.
B. Stafne bone cyst.
C. lingual mandibular bone concavity.
D. median palatine cyst.
A. traumatic bone cyst.
While obtaining diagnostic information from a patient, the dental hygienist learns that the appearance of this patient's teeth is familial. The correct diagnosis is:
A. tetracycline staining.
B. pulpal dysplasia.
C. extrinsic staining.
D. dentinogenesis i
D. dentinogenesis imperfect
A pathological lesion found frequently in black women in the third decade of life and requiring a radiograph and historical data for diagnosis is:
A. verrucous vulgaris.
B. necrotizing ulcerative gingivitis.
C. periapical cemento-osseous dysplasia aka cem
C. periapical cemento-osseous dysplasia aka cementoma.
All of the following conditions would most likely respond to therapeutic diagnosis except one. Which one is the exception?
A. Angular cheilitis
B. Necrotizing ulcerative gingivitis
C. Nutritional deficiencies
D. Stafne bone cyst
D. Stafne bone cyst
Which one of the following is not apparent in leukoedema?
A. Intracellular edema in the spinous cells
B. Acanthosis of the epithelium
C. Generalized opalescence of the buccal mucosa
D. A white diffuse material on the buccal mucosa that can be wiped off
D. A white diffuse material on the buccal mucosa that can be wiped off
Another name for an amalgam tattoo is a:
A. melanoma.
B. focal argyrosis.
C. nevus.
D. multiple myeloma.
B. focal argyrosis.
The breakdown of cellular adhesion between epithelial cells is called:
A. cell-mediated immunity.
B. acantholysis.
C. Nikolsky sign.
D. anaphylaxis.
B. acantholysis.
Which of the following is a protein molecule that is produced by plasma cells and is also called an immunoglobulin?
A. An autoimmune disease
B. A natural killer cell
C. Rheumatoid factor
D. An antibody
D. An antibody
Which lymphocyte matures without passing through the thymus and later can develop into a plasma cell that produces antibodies?
A. T-lymphocyte
B. B-lymphocyte
C. Macrophage
D. LE cell
B. B-lymphocyte
In which type of immune response do B-lymphocytes and antibodies play the predominant role?
A. Cell-mediated immunity
B. Immune complex
C. Humoral immunity
D. Passive immunity
C. Humoral immunity
Which one of the following is not a specific component of immunity?
A. A humoral response
B. A cell-mediated response
C. Memory
D. Pavementing
D. Pavementing
An example of natural passive immunity would occur when:
A. antibodies from a mother pass through the placenta to the developing fetus.
B. a microorganism causes a disease.
C. a person receives a vaccination.
D. a person is immunized.
A. antibodies from a mother pass through the placenta to the developing fetus.
Which one of the following is an example of type I hypersensitivity?
A. Immune complexes formed between microorganisms and antibody in the circulating blood
B. Asthma
C. Autoimmune hemolytic anemia
D. Serum sickness
B. Asthma
Which one of the following routes of drug administration can cause the most significant hypersensitivity reaction?
A. Topical
B. Patch
C. Parenteral
D. Oral
C. Parenteral
Which of the following is a condition that involves a deficiency in number, function, or interrelationships of the involved white blood cells and their products?
A. Autoimmune disease
B. Leukocytosis
C. Immunodeficiency
D. Anaphylaxis
C. Immunodeficiency
What is the most common precipitating factor in the development of aphthous ulcers?
A. Allergy
B. Trauma
C. Systemic disease
D. Citrus foods
B. Trauma
Certain recurrent ulcers appear on movable mucosa. They are discrete, round-to-oval ulcers that are 3 to 5 mm in diameter and exhibit a yellowish-white fibrin center surrounded by an erythematous halo. They are called:
A. major aphthous ulcers.
B. Sutton
D. minor aphthous ulcers.
Which one of the following ulcers may require a biopsy to make the diagnosis?
A. Minor aphthous ulcers
B. Major aphthous ulcers
C. Herpetiform aphthous ulcers
D. Beh�et syndrome
B. Major aphthous ulcers
Antihistaminic drugs are the principal method of treatment for:
A. urticaria.
B. minor aphthous ulcers.
C. herpetiform aphthous ulcers.
D. contact mucositis.
A. urticaria.
A prodromal period begins:
A. one week before the onset of ulcers.
B. one to 2 days before the onset of ulcers.
C. the day the ulcers erupt.
D. seven to 10 days before ulcers erupt.
B. one to 2 days before the onset of ulcers.
A certain condition, thought to be a hypersensitivity reaction, is characterized by skin and mucous membrane lesions. The skin lesions are referred to as target, iris, or bull's eye lesions. The lip and mucosal lesions are more extensive and painful and o
A. erythema multiforme.
Wickham striae is a term used to describe the oral mucosal lesions of:
A. linea alba.
B. frictional keratosis.
C. lichen planus.
D. erythema multiforme.
C. lichen planus.
The diagnosis of lichen planus is made on the basis of:
A. clinical and radiographic appearance.
B. clinical and histologic appearance
C. history of the condition.
D. therapeutic medication.
B. clinical and histologic appearance
Which one of the following is not a component of Reiter syndrome?
A. Arthritis
B. Geographic tongue-like lesions
C. Urethritis
D. Wickham striae
D. Wickham striae
An antigenic marker called HLA-B27 is present in most patients with:
A. lichen planus.
B. Reiter syndrome.
C. erythema multiforme.
D. Stevens-Johnson syndrome.
B. Reiter syndrome.
Which one of the following has not been associated with erythema multiforme?
A. Herpes simplex
B. Histoplasmosis
C. Tuberculosis
D. HLA-B27
D. HLA-B27
The acute disseminated form of Langerhans cell disease is called:
A. eosinophilic granuloma.
B. Hand-Sch�ller-Christian disease.
C. Letterer-Siwe disease.
D. Reiter syndrome.
C. Letterer-Siwe disease.
Which form of Langerhans cell disease resembles lymphoma, affects children younger than 3 years, and has a rapidly fatal course?
A. Letterer-Siwe disease
B. Hand-Sch�ller-Christian disease
C. Eosinophilic granuloma
D. Chronic localized form
A. Letterer-Siwe disease
The classic triad of symptoms seen in 25% of patients with Hand-Sch�ller-Christian disease includes all of the following except:
A. well-defined or punched-out radiolucent areas in the skull.
B. exophthalmos.
C. cyclic neutropenia.
D. diabetes insipidus.
C. cyclic neutropenia.
Sj�gren syndrome is a(n):
A. autoimmune disease that affects the salivary and lacrimal glands.
B. allergic reaction.
C. form of aphthous ulcers.
D. type of Langerhans cell disease
A. autoimmune disease that affects the salivary and lacrimal glands.
The most common oral manifestation of Sj�gren syndrome is:
A. xerostomia.
B. xerophthalmia.
C. epimyoepithelial islands.
D. aphthous ulcers.
A. xerostomia.
Primary Sj�gren syndrome occurs when:
A. another autoimmune disease accompanies salivary and lacrimal gland involvement.
B. there is only salivary and lacrimal gland involvement without the presence of another autoimmune disease.
C. rheumatoid arthritis i
B. there is only salivary and lacrimal gland involvement without the presence of another autoimmune disease.
The eye damage that occurs in Sj�gren syndrome is called:
A. xerophthalmia.
B. keratoconjunctivitis sicca.
C. conjunctivitis.
D. burning eyes.
B. keratoconjunctivitis sicca.
Diagnosis of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is made on the basis of:
A. skin lesions.
B. multiorgan involvement and the presence of anti-nuclear antibodies in the serum.
C. arthritis and arthralgia.
D. shortness of breath.
B. multiorgan involvement and the presence of anti-nuclear antibodies in the serum.
The most characteristic skin lesion in SLE is described as:
A. a blister.
B. urticaria.
C. a butterfly rash.
D. a bulla.
C. a butterfly rash.
The histologic appearance of lesions in SLE may resemble:
A. an ulcer.
B. lichen planus.
C. pemphigus vulgaris.
D. erythema multiforme.
B. lichen planus.
Which one of the following is not a characteristic feature of pemphigus vulgaris?
A. Epithelial acantholysis
B. Bullae
C. Tzanck cells
D. Occurrence most commonly in females
D. Occurrence most commonly in females
Treatment for pemphigus vulgaris involves:
A. high doses of systemic corticosteroids
B. antihistamines.
C. antibiotics.
D. antiviral drugs
A. high doses of systemic corticosteroids
The most common oral site for cicatricial pemphigoid is the:
A. floor of the mouth.
B. gingiva.
C. palate.
D. tongue.
B. gingiva.
The diagnosis of cicatricial pemphigoid is made on the basis of:
A. the clinical appearance of the lesions.
B. Nikolsky sign.
C. biopsy and histologic examination.
D. response to corticosteroids
C. biopsy and histologic examination.
Pemphigus vulgaris differs histologically from cicatricial pemphigoid in that pemphigus vulgaris involves:
A. degeneration of the epithelium.
B. connective tissue fragmentation.
C. significant numbers of inflammatory cells.
D. scarring.
A. degeneration of the epithelium.
The diagnosis of Beh�et syndrome requires which of the following?
A. Two of the three principal manifestations
B. The presence of all three manifestations
C. A biopsy
D. A history of pemphigus vulgaris
A. Two of the three principal manifestations
The classic appearance of what condition shown below is a pattern of interconnecting slender lines referred to as Wickham striae?
A. Lichen planus
B. Linea alba
C. Erythema multiforme
D. Reiter syndrome
A. Lichen planus
In which one of the following is the Langerhans cell not the proliferating cell?
A. Lichen planus
B. Letterer-Siwe disease
C. Hand-Sch�ller-Christian disease
D. Eosinophilic granuloma
A. Lichen planus
The onset of this condition is explosive. It is characterized by skin and mucosal lesions. The skin lesions are referred to as target, iris, or bull's eye lesions. The mucosal lesions affect the buccal mucosa, lips, and tongue and appear as superficial ul
B. erythema multiforme.
This patient has Sj�gren syndrome and severe xerostomia.
Which clinical feature most appropriately describes the changes on the tongue in this patient?
A. Dryness
B. Candidiasis
C. Loss of filiform and fungiform papillae
D. Fissures
C. Loss of filiform and fungiform papillae
A cell product produced by the cells involved in the immune response is a(n):
A. attenuation.
B. cytokine.
C. dendritic cell.
D. Langerhans cell.
B. cytokine.
The immune response differs from the inflammatory response because it has the capacity for memory and responds more quickly to a foreign substance if encountered again.
A. Both the statement and reason are correct and related.
B. Both the statement and re
A. Both the statement and reason are correct and related.
The three main types of lymphocytes active during an immune response include all of the following except one. Which one is the exception?
A. T-cell
B. Natural killer cell
C. B-cell
D. C-cell
D. C-cell
The various types of T-cell lymphocytes include the T-helper cell, the T-suppressor cell, the cytotoxic cell, and what other type of cell?
A. T-enhancement cell
B. Virulence cell
C. Memory cell
D. Oral cell
C. Memory cell
Along with phagocytosis, the macrophage acts to process antigen material and present it on its surface to the T-helper cell. This stimulates both types of lymphocytes to travel from the lymphoid tissue or surrounding blood vessels to the injury site.
A. B
A. Both statements are true.
The major divisions of the immune response are the cell-mediated and humoral responses. Both of these responses originate from what type of cell?
A. Plasma cell
B. Stem cell
C. T-lymphocyte
D. B-lymphocyte
B. Stem cell
When antibodies pass through the placenta to a developing fetus and protect the newborn infant from disease, this is referred to as _____ immunity.
A. natural active
B. acquired passive
C. acquired active
D. natural passive
D. natural passive
Anaphylaxis occurs as a result of what type of hypersensitivity?
A. Type I
B. Type II
C. Type III
D. Type IV
A. Type I
An example of an immunopathologic condition in which one's own body cells are no longer tolerated is:
A. contact mucositis.
B. angioedema.
C. autoimmune disease.
D. contact dermatitis.
C. autoimmune disease.
Each of the following is an example of an oral immunologic disorder except one. Which one is the exception?
A. Aphthous ulcers
B. Erythema multiforme
C. Fixed drug eruptions
D. Osteomyelitis
D. Osteomyelitis
The diagnosis of the type of aphthous ulcers is made on the basis of their distinctive clinical appearance, the location of the lesion, and a:
A. patient history.
B. therapeutic result.
C. radiographic examination.
D. laboratory test
A. patient history.
Which of the following is a systemic disease associated with aphthous ulcers?
A. Stafne bone cyst
B. Necrotizing sialometaplasia
C. Beh�et syndrome
D. Erythema multiforme
C. Beh�et syndrome
A patient presents with a diffuse swelling of the upper lip caused by permeability of deeper blood vessels. The skin covering the swelling appears normal and not accompanied by itching. This is characteristic of what pathological condition?
A. Minor aphth
C. Angioedema
Factors such as tuberculosis, histoplasmosis, and herpes simplex virus are sometimes associated with what type of pathology?
A. Arthritis
B. Geographic tongue
C. Urethritis
D. Erythema multiforme
D. Erythema multiforme
Each of the following statements about lichen planus is true except one. Which one is false?
A. The tongue is most commonly affected.
B. It is an idiopathic condition.
C. It is a benign condition.
D. It is a chronic condition.
A. The tongue is most commonly affected.
Which of the following is not appropriately paired?
A. Reactive arthritis-Reiter syndrome
B. Aphthous ulcer-canker sore
C. Urticaria-hives
D. Lichen planus-Sj�gren syndrome
D. Lichen planus-Sj�gren syndrome
Which form of Langerhans cell disease occurs in children younger than 5 years, is multifocal, and a classic triad is seen in 25% of patients?
A. Letterer-Siwe disease
B. Hand-Sch�ller-Christian disease
C. Eosinophilic granuloma
D. Chronic localized form
B. Hand-Sch�ller-Christian disease
In the mildest form of this autoimmune disease, oral lesions appear as erythematous plaques or erosions. White striae radiating from the center of the lesion are also commonly present. These oral lesions are indicative of what autoimmune disease?
A. Mucou
C. Lupus erythematosus
This patient presents with an intraepithelial bulla from breakdown of the cellular adhesion between epithelial cells. The bulla ruptured, resulting in a painful ulcer with itching.
The correct diagnosis for this progressive autoimmune disease is:
A. pemph
A. pemphigus vulgaris.
Beh�et syndrome is an acute, nonrecurring autoimmune disease consisting mainly of oral ulcers, genital ulcers, ocular inflammation, and skin lesions. Systemic and topical corticosteroids, as well as immunosuppressive drugs, are used in the management of B
D. The first statement is false; the second is true.