Which would be considered a positive symptom of schizophrenia?
Auditory hallucinations
The onset of schizophrenia can be triggered by which prenatal occurrence?
Viral infection
Which neurotransmitter is reduced in people with schizophrenia?
Gamma-aminobutyric acid
Alterations in which part of the brain are linked to hallucinations, delusions, and thought disorders associated with schizophrenia?
Temporal lobe
Antipsychotic drugs block which neurotransmitter receptor?
Dopamine
What data confer the link between bipolar disorders and schizophrenia?
Individuals with bipolar disorder who exhibit psychotic behaviors have deficits in reelin expression linked to genetic loci located on chromosome 22.
Hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) system abnormalities exist in a large percentage of individuals with:
Major depression
The common property among the three types of medications used to treat depression is that they:
Increase neurotransmitter levels within the synapse.
The link between major depression and cortisol secretion is that individuals with depression:
Show that persistently elevated plasma cortisol levels can result in inflammation that is believed to trigger depression.
A decrease in receptor binding for which neurotransmitter is found in individuals with depression?
Serotonin
When treating individuals with depression, the result produced by electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) is believed to be an alteration in:
The monoamine systems
Which electrolyte imbalance contributes to lithium toxicity?
Hyponatremia
Which neurotransmitter is inhibited in panic disorders?
Gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA)
A criterion for a diagnosis of generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) is a period of excessive worrying that lasts for at least how many months?
6
Individuals who eat aged cheese and avocado when taking monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs) may experience:
Hypertensive crisis
Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) is used to treat depression:
In pregnant women
A notable complication of panic disorder is:
Agoraphobia
Persistent symptoms of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) include:
Nightmares
Hallucinations, delusions, and thought disorders occur with alterations to which part of the brain?
Temporal lobe
Significant numbers of individuals with depression have problems related to: (Select all that apply.)
Sleep cycles, Weight stabilization, Eating patterns, Thyroid function. Insomnia, loss of appetite and body weight, and reduced interest in pleasurable activities and interpersonal relationships frequently accompany depression. Approximately 20% to 30% of
Which neurotransmitter is inhibited in generalized anxiety disorder (GAD)? (Select all that apply.)
Serotonin, Norepinephrine
What are the most common side effects of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs)? (Select all that apply.)
Sleep disturbances, Nausea
Perceptions are experienced without external stimulation of the sense organs.
Hallucinations
Persistent beliefs are contrary to the educational and cultural background of the individual.
Delusions
Fluent speech is difficult to comprehend.
Formal thought disorder
Spontaneous speech is absent.
Alogia is the absence of spontaneous speech production for the purpose of answering questions or expressing oneself.
Condition is characterized by an inability to have emotional experiences.
anhedonia, individuals are unable to experience emotions such as pleasure or pain; they report a sense of detachment from the environment.
Condition is characterized by a deficit in spontaneous or goal-directed activities.
Avolition