obstructive pulmonary
what disorders, an obstruction reduces the passage of air. Because air cannot enter or exit the lungs easily,
wheezing
what may be heard as air flows past the obstruction.
barrel-shaped
the chest may develop a _________________ appearance as air is trapped in the lungs.
spirometry
Obstructive pulmonary disorders are diagnosed with a?
lungs
A spirometer measures the amount of air moved into and out of the ___________.
-asthma,
-chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (known as COPD),
-bronchiectasis,
-obstructive sleep apnea.
Obstructive diseases include?
asthma
what is, a hyperreactive airway disease in which the bronchioles constrict in response to stimuli such as allergies, viral infections, and even exercise.
cumulative damage
bronchioles
Asthma attacks are reversible, but it's important to remember that each attack produces ___________ to the ______________which is why preventions of attacks is crucial.
hyperreactive airways
COPD also causes reduced airflow due to ________________; however, unlike asthma, the airflow limitation is difficult to reverse.
-hyperactive airways,
-chronic bronchitis,
- emphysema
COPD is actually a combination of?
chronic bronchitis
what causes increased mucus secretion, hypoxia, and cyanosis
Emphysema
what damages the elasticity of alveoli, resulting in air trapping and a barrel-chested appearance.
hypoxic drive
Oxygen therapy may be needed to treat COPD, but oxygen levels also need to be kept low enough to maintain ________________.
Bronchiectasis
what is a rare disease, in which unlike other conditions, the bronchioles are chronically dilated rather than constricted.
dilated bronchioles
Bronchiectasis most commonly occurs in response to chronic infections. The _______________ undergo structural changes, and increased mucus production blocks airflow.
obstructive sleep apnea
what occurs when upper airways close repeatedly during sleep. Anatomical abnormalities, obesity, and nasal blockages can all be causative factors?
Obstructive sleep apnea
hypoventilation syndrome
what is this...
also called _______________.
-Symptoms include loud snoring and unrestful sleep
-Diagnosis requires a sleep study
-Obesity is a risk factor
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
what is this...
-Smoking is a major cause
-Pulmonary function tests are key to diagnosis
-Alpha 1-antitrypsin deficiency (AAT)
-Sign and symptoms include clubbing of fingers, cyanosis, and pursed-lip breathing
airway hyperreactivity, emphysema, and chroni
Bronchiectasis disorder
what is this...
-Results from untreated infections
-Hemoptysis caused by inflamed airway mucosa
-Components of the bronchiole wall are replaced with fibrous tissue
-Bronchiole dilation is present
Asthma
what is this...
-Symptoms include dyspnea, wheezing and chest tightness
-Medicaitons consist of maintenance medications and rescue medications
-Allergy is most common etiology
-Categories of asthma include mild intermittent, mild persistent, moderate pers
B;C;E
which of the following are obstructive lung diseases? Select all that apply.
A: Pulmonary fibrosis
B: Asthma
C: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
D: Pneumothorax
E: Obstructive sleep apnea
A;B;C
Which of the following stimuli may cause an asthma attack? Select all that apply.
A: Allergies
B: Infections
C: Exercise
C: Pneumothorax
D: Right-side heart failure
B;D;E
Which of the following are associated with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease? Select all that apply.
A: pleural effusion
B: hyperreactive airways
C: bronchiectasis
D: chronic bronchitis
E: emphysema
A
Bronchiole dilation resulting from chronic infections is present in ____________.
A: bronchiectasis
B: chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
C: obstructive sleep apnea
D: asthma
E: emphysema
C
The upper airways closing during sleep is known as ____________.
A: bronchiectasis
B: chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
C: obstructive sleep apnea
D: pneumothorax
E: pleural effusion
obstructive pulmonary
what disorders, an obstruction reduces the passage of air. Because air cannot enter or exit the lungs easily,
wheezing
what may be heard as air flows past the obstruction.
barrel-shaped
the chest may develop a _________________ appearance as air is trapped in the lungs.
spirometry
Obstructive pulmonary disorders are diagnosed with a?
lungs
A spirometer measures the amount of air moved into and out of the ___________.
-asthma,
-chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (known as COPD),
-bronchiectasis,
-obstructive sleep apnea.
Obstructive diseases include?
asthma
what is, a hyperreactive airway disease in which the bronchioles constrict in response to stimuli such as allergies, viral infections, and even exercise.
cumulative damage
bronchioles
Asthma attacks are reversible, but it's important to remember that each attack produces ___________ to the ______________which is why preventions of attacks is crucial.
hyperreactive airways
COPD also causes reduced airflow due to ________________; however, unlike asthma, the airflow limitation is difficult to reverse.
-hyperactive airways,
-chronic bronchitis,
- emphysema
COPD is actually a combination of?
chronic bronchitis
what causes increased mucus secretion, hypoxia, and cyanosis
Emphysema
what damages the elasticity of alveoli, resulting in air trapping and a barrel-chested appearance.
hypoxic drive
Oxygen therapy may be needed to treat COPD, but oxygen levels also need to be kept low enough to maintain ________________.
Bronchiectasis
what is a rare disease, in which unlike other conditions, the bronchioles are chronically dilated rather than constricted.
dilated bronchioles
Bronchiectasis most commonly occurs in response to chronic infections. The _______________ undergo structural changes, and increased mucus production blocks airflow.
obstructive sleep apnea
what occurs when upper airways close repeatedly during sleep. Anatomical abnormalities, obesity, and nasal blockages can all be causative factors?
Obstructive sleep apnea
hypoventilation syndrome
what is this...
also called _______________.
-Symptoms include loud snoring and unrestful sleep
-Diagnosis requires a sleep study
-Obesity is a risk factor
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
what is this...
-Smoking is a major cause
-Pulmonary function tests are key to diagnosis
-Alpha 1-antitrypsin deficiency (AAT)
-Sign and symptoms include clubbing of fingers, cyanosis, and pursed-lip breathing
airway hyperreactivity, emphysema, and chroni
Bronchiectasis disorder
what is this...
-Results from untreated infections
-Hemoptysis caused by inflamed airway mucosa
-Components of the bronchiole wall are replaced with fibrous tissue
-Bronchiole dilation is present
Asthma
what is this...
-Symptoms include dyspnea, wheezing and chest tightness
-Medicaitons consist of maintenance medications and rescue medications
-Allergy is most common etiology
-Categories of asthma include mild intermittent, mild persistent, moderate pers
B;C;E
which of the following are obstructive lung diseases? Select all that apply.
A: Pulmonary fibrosis
B: Asthma
C: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
D: Pneumothorax
E: Obstructive sleep apnea
A;B;C
Which of the following stimuli may cause an asthma attack? Select all that apply.
A: Allergies
B: Infections
C: Exercise
C: Pneumothorax
D: Right-side heart failure
B;D;E
Which of the following are associated with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease? Select all that apply.
A: pleural effusion
B: hyperreactive airways
C: bronchiectasis
D: chronic bronchitis
E: emphysema
A
Bronchiole dilation resulting from chronic infections is present in ____________.
A: bronchiectasis
B: chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
C: obstructive sleep apnea
D: asthma
E: emphysema
C
The upper airways closing during sleep is known as ____________.
A: bronchiectasis
B: chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
C: obstructive sleep apnea
D: pneumothorax
E: pleural effusion