Which of the following does NOT occur as a complication of a kidney stone?
A. Renal colic caused by passage of stone from kidney into ureter
B. Kidney infection
C. Hydronephrosis caused by obstruction of urinary drainage by stone impacted in the ureter
D.
D. Glomerulonephritis
Pyelonephritis results from which of the following?
A. Formation of immune complexes that damage the glomeruli
B. Bacterial infection of the kidney
C. Inadequate renal blood flow
D. Formation of autoantibodies directed against the glomerular basement memb
B. Bacterial infection of the kidney
A person with acute pyelonephritis would most typically have:
A. Edema
B. Oliguria
C. Hypertension
D. Fever
D. Fever
Which one of the following age groups is most susceptible to renal damage caused by medications?
A. Small children
B. Young adults
C. Older adults
D. Middle-aged adults
C. Older adults
Aldosterone primarily affects which of the following?
A. Protein and water metabolism
B. Protein and fat metabolism
C. Carbohydrate metabolism
D. Salt and water metabolism
D. Salt and water metabolism
Approximately 50-75% of all cases of chronic renal failure result from which of the following?
A. Diabetes and hypertension
B. Chronic glomerulonephritis
C. Autoimmune diseases
D. Polycystic renal disease
E. Chronic pyelonephritis
A. Diabetes and hypertension
Acute glomerulonephritis and pyelonephritis may advance to:
A. Intrarenal failure
B. Acute tubular necrosis
C. Postrenal failure
D. Prerenal failure
A. Intrarenal failure
The nurse would expect to see which common pathogen on the urine culture and sensitivity (C&S) of a patient with a urinary tract infection?
A. Klebsiella
B. E. Coli
C. Staphylococcus
D. Streptococcus
B. E. Coli
Glomerulonephritis is most accurately described as representing:
A. An injurious insult to the glomerular structures of the kidney
B. Cellular mutations involving the glomerular structures of the kidney
C. An inflammatory process involving the glomerular
C. An inflammatory process involving the glomerular structures of the kidney
A young woman experiences frequent urination with a burning sensation. Her urine contains many white blood cells and bacteria. There is no glucose or protein in the urine. What is the most likely cause of these manifestations?
A. Chronic glomerulonephriti
D. Urinary tract infection
What powerful vasoconstrictor raises the blood pressure by causing the peripheral arterioles to constrict?
A. Renin
B. Angiotensin II
C. Angiotensin-converting enzyme
D. Aldosterone
E. Angiotensin I
B. Angiotensin II
Etiologic factors in the development of urolithiasis include:
A. Urinary stasis
B. High levels of sodium in the urine
C. Low antidiuretic hormone levels
D. Osmotic diuresis
A. Urinary stasis
A characteristic sign of polycystic kidney disease is:
A. Enlarged kidneys
B. Polyuria
C. Proteinuria
D. Hypertension
A. Enlarged kidneys
Stress incontinence is characterized by:
A. Involuntary loss of urine when intravesical pressure occurs in the absence of detrusor activity
B. Involuntary loss of urine because of abnormal activity of the micturition centers in the sacral cord
C. Awarenes
D. Involuntary loss of urine associated with activities such as coughing or squatting
A patient presents to the emergency department with generalized edema and dyspnea. A history reveals multiple infections over the last six months. Diagnostic test reveals proteinuria, hyperlipidemia, hypoalbuminemia. the health care provider should realiz
A. Nephrotic syndrome
Glomerular filtration:
A. occurs across the walls of glomerular capillaries
B. is very sensitive to systemic blood pressure
C. increases if blood pressure decreases
D. produces a fluid high in protein and low in sodium
A. occurs across the walls of glomerular capillaries
In the second stage of chronic renal failure, what percent of renal tissue is destroyed?
A. 90 percent
B. 60 percent
C. 75 percent
D. 25 percent
C. 75 percent
End-stage renal disease is characterized by which of the following alterations?
A. Decreased serum creatinine
B. Decreased serum potassium
C. Increased glomerulus filtration rate
D. Increased serum blood urea nitrogen
D. Increased serum blood urea nitrogen
Anemia frequently found in persons with chronic renal failure can best be explained in terms of:
A. Excess loss of vitamin B12 by the kidneys
B. Failure of the kidneys to activate or produce erythropoietin
C. Insufficient retention of iron
D. Loss of hemo
B. Failure of the kidneys to activate or produce erythropoietin