The movement of nutrients and O2 as well as the removal of metabolic wastes occurs in
a.) Veins
b.) Arteries
c.) Arterioles
d.) Capillaries
d.) Capillaries
The aorta propels blood into the arteries, arterioles, and finally the capillary beds. Here the proximity of the capillary endothelium to the other cells of the body facilitates movement of nutrients and O2 into the cells and removal of ce
Which statement regarding the lymphatic system is true?
a.) The arrangement of the lymphatic system is very similar to that of the circulatory system.
b.) Lymphatic vessels are more like arteries in that they are thick-walled and do not have valves.
c.) I
c.) It allows for leakage from the vascular system to be reabsorbed into the body's circulation system.
One of the functions of the lymphatic system is to reabsorb fluid that leaks out of the vascular network into the interstitium and to return it to the
Which statement is true regarding the streamlined nature of laminar blood flow?
a.) Turbulent blood flow is a result of a vessel branching at a wide angle.
b.) A thrill can be palpated when blood flows over a roughened intimal surface.
c.) Blood contactin
b.) A thrill can be palpated when blood flows over a roughened intimal surface.
Blood flowing over a roughened intimal surface which can be auscultated is called a bruit; if it can be palpated it is called a thrill. Turbulent blood flow can be caused by a
What are the main causes of edema?
a.) When the adjacent lymphatic system develops an impaired lymphatic flow or when the capillaries themselves become more permeable and leak fluid into the cell
b.) When the capillaries develop an impaired flow or when t
a.) When the adjacent lymphatic system develops an impaired lymphatic flow or when the capillaries themselves become more permeable and leak fluid into the cell
The main mechanisms that result in edema are usually the development of impaired lymphatic flo
What is the difference between capillary fluid pressure and plasma colloid osmotic pressure?
a.) Capillary fluid pressure is the fluid pressure outside the capillary and is the force pushing fluid from the interstitium from the capillary; plasma colloid o
b.) Capillary fluid pressure is the fluid pressure inside the capillary and is the force pushing fluid from the capillary into the interstitium; plasma colloid osmotic pressure is the primary force because of the presence of plasma proteins, which results
Contraction of vascular smooth muscle (referred to as vasomotor tone) is mostly accomplished via the extrinsic mechanism of the autonomic nervous system, resulting in which receptor response?
a.) ?-2
b.) ?-1
c.) ?-2
d.) ?-1
d.) ?-1
Because arteries have the most smooth muscle, they are most affected by central nervous system stimulation. The release of norepinephrine (the postganglionic neurotransmitter) results in arterial vasoconstriction via the ?-1 receptors located on t
What is the specific terminology to describe the formation of a blood clot in a vein?
a.) Ischemia
b.) Phlebitis
c.) Thrombus
d.) Thrombophlebitis
d.) Thrombophlebitis
When phlebitis is present in a vein and is accompanied by a thrombus, it is called a thrombophlebitis. Ischemia is lack of oxygen to an area within the body. If a thrombus forms in an arterial system, decreased distal flow can result
Thrombosis in the microcirculation throughout the body is called
a.) Stroke
b.) Atherosclerosis
c.) Myocardial infarction (MI)
d.) Disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC)
d.) Disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC)
Thrombosis may also be initiated by a generalized reduction in flow and release of vasoactive substances that occur in shock states. Systemic derangement in coagulation takes place in disseminated intravasc
What are the upper acceptable values for cholesterol within the blood?
a.) Total cholesterol level of 40 mg/dl, HDL of 200 mg/dl, and LDL of 160 mg/dl
b.) Total cholesterol level of 40 mg/dl, HDL of 160 mg/dl, and LDL of 200 mg/dl
c.) Total cholesterol le
d.) Total cholesterol level of 200 mg/dl, HDL of 40 mg/dl, and LDL of 160 mg/dl
An acceptable total cholesterol level for an adult who has no coronary disease is less than 200 mg/dl. Levels of LDL-C are felt to be detrimental if greater than 160 mg/dl. In
Which is a modifiable risk factor for prevention of atherosclerosis?
a.) Smoking
b.) Genetics
c.) Gender
d.) Age
a.) Smoking
Smoking is a behavior that is modifiable although recognized as being difficult to stop. Genetics, gender, and age are not modifiable since they are not under voluntary control of the individual.
The role of the circulatory system is to do which of the following? (Select all that apply.)
a.) Transport O2 and nutrients throughout the body
b.) Remove waste products found within the body
c.) Move blood to the lungs from the left side of the heart
d.)
a.) Transport O2 and nutrients throughout the body
b.) Remove waste products found within the body
The primary functions of the circulatory system include the transportation of O2 and nutrients within the body and the removal of metabolic waste products w
An accurate comparison of arterial and venal vessels would include which of the following? (Select all that apply.)
a.) Vein walls are thinner than those of arteries.
b.) Veins have 2 distinct layers, while arteries have 3.
c.) Venules are composed primar
a.) Vein walls are thinner than those of arteries.
c.) Venules are composed primarily of connective tissue
d.) The principle tissue found in arterioles is smooth muscle
e.) With increasing age, the intimal arterial wall looses elasticity.
Generally, the w
Which statement(s) are true regarding circulatory hemodynamics? (Select all that apply.)
a.) As blood flow increases, resistance decreases.
b.) Resistance decreases as the radius of a vessel increases.
c.) Decreased viscosity of the blood increases resist
a.) As blood flow increases, resistance decreases.
b.) Resistance decreases as the radius of a vessel increases.
e.) As the pressure difference in the vessels increases, the blood flow increases.
The relationship between blood flow and resistance is an in
Which statement is true regarding the process of autoregulation? (Select all that apply.)
a.) This process is responsible for maintaining a relatively constant flow of blood in the body.
b.) As vascular smooth muscle is stretched, it contracts, which prod
a.) This process is responsible for maintaining a relatively constant flow of blood in the body.
b.) As vascular smooth muscle is stretched, it contracts, which produces vasoconstriction.
c.) The process takes blood flow within a range that is unique to a
Which clinical manifestation is characteristic of arterial thrombosis? (Select all that apply.)
a.) Pain is increased with activity in the affected limb.
b.) A positive Homans' sign is seen in 10% of patients.
c.) The limb is usually cool to the touch and
a.) Pain is increased with activity in the affected limb.
c.) The limb is usually cool to the touch and cyanotic.
d.) A late sign is an ulcer around the toe.
e.) Intermittent claudication and pain.
A. Clinical manifestations of an arterial thrombosis incl
A contributing factor to the formation of an embolus includes which of the following?(Select all that apply.)
a.) A chronic blood disorder like anemia
b.) Dislodged fat after long-bone surgery
c.) Air bolus introduced by IV therapy
d.) Foreign object in t
b.) Dislodged fat after long-bone surgery
c.) Air bolus introduced by IV therapy
d.) Foreign object in the blood stream
e.) An infected blood vessel
Fat emboli can occur after long-bone surgery or trauma. Air introduced into the circulatory system can res
Which condition can produce signs and symptoms of a stroke? (Select all that apply.)
a.) Varicose veins
b.) Atherosclerosis
c.) Cerebral aneurysm
d.) Cerebral AV fistula
e.) Chronic venous insufficiency
b.) Atherosclerosis
c.) Cerebral aneurysm
d.) Cerebral AV fistula
Atherosclerosis produces an increase of smooth muscle cells and increased lipids within the intima of the arteries, which narrows the blood flow. This eventually affects the entire body and
A true statement regarding atherosclerosis is which of the following? (Select all that apply.)
a.) Atherosclerosis obliterans occurs when the peripheral system of upper extremities are affected
b.) Atherosclerosis usually affects the coronary, cerebral, c
b.) Atherosclerosis usually affects the coronary, cerebral, carotid, femoral arteries and the aorta.
d.) Atherosclerosis is a result of medium and large arteries being occluded.
e.) Atherosclerosis is the dominant type of arteriosclerosis.
Atherosclerosis
A skin assessment of the legs of a client diagnosed with chronic venous insufficiency would show which of the following? (Select all that apply.)
a.) Reddish pigmented areas
b.) Reports of legs cramping
c.) Edema increasing as the day progresses
d.) An ul
a.) Reddish pigmented areas
b.) Reports of legs cramping
c.) Edema increasing as the day progresses
d.) An ulcer on the ankle of the affected leg
Pigmented areas of reddish brown are commonly noted. Clients describe the leg(s) as aching or cramping, and e