Cellular Alterations
Permanent cellular changes triggered by adverse conditions
Neoplastic
New growth
Dysplasia
Abnormal development of tissue; altered size, shape, and organization of cells; usually follows hyperplasia
Metaplasia
Replacement of one type of tissue into a form that is not normally found there
Neoplasm
(tumor) The abnormal, excessive, and uncontrolled multiplication of cells with the formation of a mass or new growth of tissue
Benign
oma" (lipoma)
Malignant
carcinoma" or "sarcoma
Epithelial Tissue
Group of closely packed cells that cover surfaces, line body cavities, and form secretory parts of glands
Adenoma
A neoplasm formed by glandular epithelium
Papilloma
Circumscribed overgrowth or hypertrophy of the papillae of a cutaneous or mucous surface; caused by HPV
Nevus
Circumscribed vascular tumor of the skin or other body organs due to hyperplasia of the blood vessels
Polyp
Growth or mass of tissue that protrudes from a mucous membrane
Connective Tissue
Loosely arranged cells and fibers that have nerve and blood supply; they connect, support, protect, transport, and insulate
Osteoma
Bone tumor
Chondroma
Cartilage tumor
Lipoma
Adipose tissue tumor
Angioma
Blood vessel or lymph vessel tumor
Hemangioma
Benign blood vascular tissue
Hematoma
Tumor like swelling filled with blood
Fibroma
Fibrous, encapsulated tissue; irregular in shape, firm consistency
Mastoid Osteomoa
Grows from mastoid process process producing and external swelling
Lipoblastoma
Uncommon, usually recurrent benign tumor of embryonic adipose tissue that occurs predominantly in children; on the extremities and neck
Chondroma of Auricle
Painless, slowly growing, solid tumor that distorts shape of tissue; resembles a cauliflower ear
Muscle Tissue
Highly vascular tissue that allows movement of body parts and materials through tubes
Rhabdomyoma
Striated (skeletal and cardiac) muscle tissue tumor; usually infants and young children, heart disorders
Leiomyoma
Smooth muscle tissue tumor
Nervous Tissue
Form processes, recognize environmental changes, drives responses
Neuroma
Tumor composed of nerve cells
Malignant Neoplasm
Cancer
Carcinoma
(epithelioma) Malignant growth/tumor arising from epithelium
Melanoma
A malignant pigmented mole; arises from melanocytes
Squamous Cell Carcinoma
Tumor of epidermal squamous cells
Basal Cell Carcinoma
Tumor of the basal cells of epidermis
Adenocarcinoma
Arising from glandular organ
Transitional Cell Carcinoma
Tumor of the urinary system
Sarcoma
Tumor arising from connective tissue
Osteosarcoma
MN bone tumor
Chondrosarcoma
MN cartilage tumor
Liposarcoma
MN adipose tissue tumor
Angiosarcoma
MN tumor of vascular endothelial cells
Fibrosarcoma
MN tumor formed by fibrous tissue
Lymphoma
MN tumor of lymphatic system that arise in the lymph nodes or in other lymphoid tissue
Leukemia
MN tumor of blood forming structures/organs
Rhabdomyosarcoma
MN tumor of striated muscle tissue
Leiomyosarcoma
MN tumor of smooth muscle tissue
Glioma
MN tumor of neuroglial cells
Cachexia
Sever form of malnutrition; physical wasting with loss of weight and muscle mass caused by chronic progressive disease
Cysts
Sacs within or on the body surface containing air or fluid
Ovarian Cyst
Benign, fluid filled sacs on or near the ovary
Physiologic Ovarian Cyst
Forming on normally functioning ovaries, most common, may become very large; have to be removed
Neoplastic Ovarian Cyst
Abnormal ovarian cyst type not related to function
Dyspareunia
Pain during sexual intercourse
Sebaceous Cyst
Sebaceous gland that produces sebum becomes blocked and sebum collects under the skin
Baker Cyst
(popliteal) Fluid filled cyst that causes a bulge and a feeling of tightness behind your knee
Ganglion Cysts
Noncancerous lumps that most commonly develop along the tendons or joints of wrists, hand, ankles or feet; typically round or oval and are filled with a jelly like fluid
Chalazion
A bacterial infection of the oil glands causing formation of a cyst