Mechanisms and Alterations in Hormonal Regulation

A 30-year-old male was diagnosed with hypothyroidism. Synthesis of which of the following would decrease in this patient?

Thyroid binding globulin

To adapt to high hormone concentrations, many target cells have the capacity for:

down-regulation.

The releasing hormones that are made in the hypothalamus travel to the anterior pituitary via the:

hypophysial portal system.

A 50-year-old female patient underwent surgery to remove a pituitary tumor. During surgery, the pituitary stalk was severed. Secretion of which of the following hormones would increase?

PRL

Target cells for oxytocin are located in the:

uterus.

A 40-year-old male undergoes surgery for a parathyroid hormone-secreting tumor. Which of the following would be expected following surgery?

Decreased calcium reabsorption in the kidney

Insulin has an effect on which of the following groups of electrolytes?

Potassium, magnesium, phosphate

The most potent naturally occurring glucocorticoid is:

cortisol.

Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) release can be stimulated by:

stress.

A 39-year-old female underwent surgery to remove an adrenal tumor. To completely remove it, the zona glomerulosa had to be removed. Secretion of which of the following hormones would be expected to decrease?

Aldosterone

Which of the following hormones is secreted by the adrenal medulla?

Epinephrine

Catecholamines promote:

hyperglycemia

General causes of abnormal target cell responses include:

abnormal receptor activity.

The most common cause of elevated levels of antidiuretic hormone (ADH) secretion is:

cancer.

A severe consequence of syndrome of inappropriate ADH secretion (SIADH) is:

neurologic damage.

A 22-year-old male is admitted to the intensive care unit with a closed head injury sustained in a motorcycle accident. The injury has caused severe damage to the posterior pituitary. Which of the following complications should be anticipated?

Dehydration from polyuria

The level of T3 in Graves disease is usually abnormally:

high.

A problem associated with chronic hyperparathyroidism is:

osteoporosis and pathologic fractures.

A 45-year-old female with Graves disease underwent surgical removal of her thyroid gland. During the postoperative period, her serum calcium was low. The most probable reason for her low serum calcium is:

hypoparathyroidism caused by surgical injury to the parathyroid glands.

Both Cushing syndrome and Addison disease can manifest with elevated levels of:

adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH).

Which of the following alterations would you expect to find in a patient with untreated Cushing disease or syndrome?

Hypertension

A 50-year-old female presents with light-headedness and overall abnormal feelings. CT scan reveals an adrenal cortical tumor. Lab tests reveal that the tumor is hormone secreting. Which of the following would be expected?

Hypokalemia

A 49-year-old female is diagnosed with hypercortisolism. An increase in which of the following would be expected?

Protein catabolism and liver gluconeogenesis

Mental status changes and muscle weakness in people with Addison disease are primarily caused by:

hypoglycemia.

A 30-year-old female presents with hypertension, headache, tachycardia, impaired glucose tolerance, and weight loss. Which of the following is the most likely diagnosis?

Pheochromocytoma