Adaptive Immunity

Which of the following cells is responsible for presenting the antigen to the immune cells during clonal selection?

Antigen-processing cells

Both B and T cells are originally derived from cells of the:

bone marrow.

A 3-year-old male is diagnosed with autoimmune-induced type 1 diabetes. Which of the following therapies may help prevent worsening of the disease?

Oral administration of self-antigens

A 6-year-old female is diagnosed with a bacterial infection of the respiratory system. Which of the following will most likely be trying to fight the antigen?

Antibodies

The immunoglobulin that crosses the placenta confers _____ immunity to the fetus.

passive acquired

A 16-year-old male is bitten by a rabid dog while jogging in the park. Upon admission to the ER, he is given _____ to prevent infection.

immunoglobulins

A molecule is isolated from the human body and studied. It is found to react with antibodies on B cells. Further testing reveals that the molecule is large and chemically diverse. Which of the following would best describe the molecule?

Antigen

Which of the following characteristics increases an antigen's ability to be immunogenic?

Combining with carrier molecules

If a person is given antigen X and is later given antigen Y, a _____ response to antigen Y will result.

determinant

The most abundant class of antibody in the serum is:

IgG.

The predominant antibody of a typical primary immune response is:

IgM.

The primary role of secretory IgA is to prevent infections in:

mucous membranes.

A 23-year-old pregnant female visits her physician for her final prenatal checkup. The physician determines that the fetus has developed an infection in utero. Which of the following would be increased in the fetus at birth?

IgM

Which portion of the antibody is responsible for activating the inflammatory systems?

Fc portion

An experiment is carried out to characterize newly discovered immunoglobulins. Specificity of the immunoglobulin could be determined by studying the:

Complementary-determining region.

A 20-year-old female is applying for nursing school and is required to be tested for immunity against several illnesses. Testing that looks at which of the following would be the best to determine immunity?

Titer

A 10-year-old male is stung by a bee while playing in the yard. He experiences a severe allergic reaction and has to go to the ER. This reaction is the result of:

IgE.

A 25-year-old female has sexual relations with her boyfriend. Later she is told that the boyfriend is infected with Neisseria gonorrheae. Testing reveals that she does not have the disease. How is it possible that she did not contract the disease?

Antibodies covered sites of attachment.

Which of the following characteristics is shared by both the secretory and systemic immune systems?

Neutralization following antigen-antibody binding

At a 12-month well-baby visit, the mother reports that the child has never been ill. She proudly reports that the baby was breastfed since birth. The nurse tells her that breastfeeding is beneficial because the dominant antibody in breast milk acts by fun

in mucosal membranes.

Pure monoclonal antibodies are produced by:

laboratories.

An experiment is designed to determine specific cell types involved in cell-mediated immune response. The experimenter is interested in finding cells that attack cells that have specific antigens. Which cells should be isolated?

Cytotoxic T cells

Histocompatibility antigens help the immune system:

distinguish self from nonself.

A 20-year-old female has been diagnosed with AIDS. Laboratory testing would reveal diminished levels of:

helper T cells.

Which of the following is not a secondary lymph organ?

Liver

After exposure to a specific antigen, B cells differentiate into:

plasma cells.

A macrophage was isolated and analyzed for major histocompatibility complex. Which of the following would be expected?

MHC I and II

A cell that is produced in the thymus and interacts with MHC II molecules would have which of the following surface proteins?

CD4

A patient is diagnosed with cancer. Which of the following cells would be produced in the greatest number?

Th1

A young male patient becomes severely ill following lunch at the local hamburger stand. He experiences fever, vomiting, and diarrhea. Testing at the restaurant reveals that he ate food contaminated by Streptococcus pyogenes. Which of the following would b

Binding without antigen recognition

A 6-month-old infant is brought to the pediatrician for recurrent colds. The child is fed formula, and the other family members have not been ill. The physician tells the mother that the child's immune system is not yet competent but will be about 60% of

12 months.

Increased age is associated with:

increased hypersensitivity responses.

A 5-month-old child is admitted to the hospital with recurring respiratory infections. A possible cause of this condition is:

immune insufficiency.