Literal Value
A value typed directly into code and used as-is
Variable
An identifier that is a placeholder for some real value
Declaration
Giving a variable a name
Initialization
Giving a variable a value
Statement
An instruction to the computer to perform some action
Expression
A snippet of code that, when evaluated, results in a single value
Initialization Statement
Identifier = Expression
Scope
The parts of a program where a variable can be used
Global Scope
Variables with this are considered bad practice (except in certain circumstances)
Stack Frame
Keep track of variables that are in scope
Call Stack
A collection of Stack Frames of functions that have run
Input
Data which originates inside the program and is sent outside the program
Output
Data which originates outside the program and is used inside the program
String
A type which is made of one or more characters in an array
Integer
A type which is made of numerical characters and represents a number
Boolean
A type which is either True or False
Parameter
A special kind of variable that is declared as part of a function
Argument
A value the programmer must pass into a function to provide a value for the function's parameters
Recursive Function
A function that calls itself
Recursive Case
The part of the recursive function that does a small amount of work and calls itself
Base Case
The part of a recursive function that decides when the function should stop
Stack Overflow
When you exceed the limit of the number of stack frames that can be added to the call stack
Tail Recursion
A special type of recursion where the recursive call is the last thing the function does
Iteration
Using a loop to create a function which does small units of work in each iteration
Concatenation
Creating a new string by using the + operatorto combine two or more strings
Slicing
Creating a new string using a subset of the characters from an existing string using the [ ] operator.
For Loop
A loop which iterates over items in a sequence
While Loop
A loop that iterates until a boolean expression is made false