YouTube
mostly widely used video sharing website that was started in 2005
Vimeo
video sharing website that was started in 2004
Live Stream
to record and share a video of an event as the event happens
Wikipedia
free online encyclopedia composed of crowd-sourced articles
Wiki
collaborative development of content (means quick)
Crowdsourcing
an approach to developing content that involves having the users be the contributors; this is why Wikipedia is not the most reliable source to use
Social Networking
connecting people via common interests, backgrounds, and real-life connections
electronic mail that has been around since the 60s
IMAP (Internet Message Access Protocol)
common protocol for retrieving email message via the Internet
SMTP (Simple Mail Transfer Protocol)
common protocol for sending email messages via the internet
Reply
sends an email to a specific individual
Reply All
sends an email to a group of individuals
Thread
group of emails with the same subject
Filters
automatic tools that monitor incoming emails
Spam Filter
common predefined filter for most email systems to filter out spam from the regular inbox
Vacation Messages
auto-play filter used when a person is out of town
Text Message
alternative to email-- transmitted via a cellular network
SMS (Short Message Service)
a message sent over cell phones that is text limited
SMSC (Short Message Service Center)
responsible for storing and delivering text messages
MMS (Multimedia Message Service)
allows text messages to contain multimedia elements (videos, pictures, audio, and text)
Blog
a website that organizes each entry based on date
Post
entries in a blog
Blogger
the writer or author of a blog
Plugin
added features on websites that can allow for interactive features
Streaming
playing media directly from the Internet in the browser
Mobile Web Browser
a website designed for mobile devices with smaller screens and touch interfaces
RWD (Responsive Web Design)
web server sends same HTML to both desktop and mobile browsers but the browsers on the machine alter the appearance to match the device
Screen Emulator
software that stimulates how mobile device screens operate
DPR (Device Pixel Ratio)
ratio between device pixels and logical pixels
Logical Pixels
device-independent pixels (DIP)
Retina Display
screen that packs more pixels into a smaller area than a traditional screen
Internet
connection of billions of computers using the Internet Protocol's communication rules
Packet
information sent via the Internet that it how computers communicate
IP (Internet Protocol)
basic communication rules of the Internet
TCP (Transmission Control Protocol)
the protocol that defines how data to be sent over the Internet is first broken down into packets
Router
receives packets from computers and sends those packets to other computers
ISP (Internet Service Provider)
a company that actually provides access to the internet via their hardware and software
IP Address
the unique location of a computer on the network
How many numbers separated by periods does an IP address contain?
four
Domain Name
text version of the IP address
DNS (Domain Name System)
a hierarchical decentralized naming system for computers, services, or other resources connected to the Internet or a private network.
DNS Server
converts the domain name to the IP address
IPv4
original protocol most commonly recognized (32 bit addresses)
IPv6
new protocol that gives us a little more to work with as far as combinations with unique addresses (128 bits)
Static IP Address
the IP address never changes
Dynamic IP Address
the IP address changes frequently-- each time the computer is newly connected to the Internet
Modulation
combining of electrical signals that data is sent over
Modem
demodulates the signals
Ethernet
used to translate/modulate/demodulate data
Wi-Fi Router
allows the user to have a wire free internet connection
IEEE 802.11
wireless computer networking standard that Wi-Fi gets its name from
Hotspot
a public place with an available wireless signal for Internet access
Computer Networks
evolved from the solitary machines of the 1950s. in the 1960s, these networks were mostly used to connect computers in the same building/floor of a corporation
FTP (File Transfer Protocol)
an early way for transferring files, like a word processing document or an image file, where a user would login to another computer, and then type commands to copy specific files among the computers
Web
a more convenient way for computers to communicate files
HTML (Hyper-Text Markup Language)
the code making up the text files we see on webpages
Browser
the program that launches HTML files
HTTP (Hyper-Text Transfer Protocol)
the set of rules to transfer HTML files from computer to computer
WWW (WorldWide Web)
what the web was originally called
Web Search
program that seeks web pages that best match user-typed words
Web Search Engine
a specific website that does the web searches
Web Search Matching Criteria
search engines use this to find information that best matches what the user types in
Index
a database of key words that point to specific pages
Web Crawler
constantly crawling the web updating the index information
ICANN (Internet Corporation for Assigning Names and Number)
manages, assigns, and handles disputes over domain names
Domain Name Registrar
a separate company from ICANN that is authorized to reserve domain names
Top-Level Domain
the part of the domain name that is at the end (.com, .net, .org, etc.)
Second-Level Domain
the middle part of the domain name(amazon, google, etc.)
Cybersquatting
the practice of registering a domain name in the hopes of selling it later for a profit
URL (Uniform Resource Locator)
the location of a file on the web
Web Host
a company that provides the web servers that store web content
Forwarding
automatically redirects a domain's visitor to a target URL
Masked Forwarding
automatically redirects a domain's visitor to a target URL without revealing the target URL
Tags
surrounds normal text in an HTML file to indicate formatting, links, or other items
Links
text that can be clicked to jump to another webpage
CSS (Cascading Style Sheets)
a language that can be used to style a webpage (color, size, spacing, fonts, etc.)
CSS Color
defined colors that are standard design colors
RGB
short for red, green, blue
Unordered List
a collection of items indicated by bullets (<ul></ul>)
Ordered List
sequenced collecting of items usually indicated by numbers or letters (<ol></ol>)
List Item
the items in a list surrounded by <li></li>
Nest Lists
lists inside of lists
Web Page
a document that is viewed in a web browser
Website
a collection of related webpages
Web Server
a computer (or software running on a computer) that serves webpages to web browsers
W3C (The WorldWide Web Consortium)
the international standards organization that controls web standards
Root Servers
the thirteen main DNS servers that exist in the world
ccTLD (Country-Code Top-Level Domain)
an additional top-level domain that each country is assigned (.uk, .ru, .de, .us)
Scheme
characters at the beginning of a URL followed by a colon or a colon and double slashes
Hostname
the complete domain name specified in the URL (a. Ex: In http://www.cdc.gov/alcohol, the hostname is www.cdc.gov)
Path
all characters to the right of the hostname in the URL (Ex: In http://www.cdc.gov/alcohol, the path is "/alcohol")
DNS Lookup
sending the domain name to the local DNS and getting back the IP address of the web server hosting the domain name
HTTP Request
when a message is sent from a web browser to the web server
HTTP Response
when a message is sent from a web server to a web browser
Request Method
indicates the desired action to perform on a resource (GET, HEAD, POST, PUT, DELETE)
Status Code
a three-digit number that indicates the status of the requested resource
Browser Redirect
when the web server returns a 301 or 302 status code with a Location header indicating the URL the browser should load next
Browser Cache
a small fast memory only associated with that browser that stores web content for quick retrieval...as in your username, or a frequently visited website
Etag (Entity Tag)
an identifier that gives you the specific version of the web resource you want, this helps to keep up with what version of something you might be viewing
Network Sniffer
a software that monitors network traffic and allows users to inspect HTTP requests and responses
HTTPS
a form of HTTP that encrypts messages between browser and web server
Digital Certificate
certifications provided to websites so they can use HTTPS
Certificate of Authority
verifies that the organization is who they say they are and they have the correct protocol in place to use HTTPS
IoT (Internet of Things)
a global collection of communicating devices that sense and control technology on behalf of humans
Web Accessibility
ability of users with disabilities to access and use webpages
Cognitive Computing
artificial intelligence techniques
Separation of Concerns
the design principle of breaking up web content using distinct languages and documents that overlap as little as possible
Element
a single HTML structure
HTML5
the fifth major revision of the HTML standard and is recommended for use by the W3C
Attribute
: a value that provides additional information about a particular tag and is included after the tag name but before the > in the tag
Deprecated
part of a language that is officially discouraged because newer or better features exist, or because the deprecated feature is no longer considered safe
HTML Validator
checks that an HTML document conforms to the standard
Boolean Attribute
attributes that measure a true or false value: "if a check box is checked, it is true. If it isn't checked, it is false
CSS Rule
selects specific HTML elements and specifies styling properties for that element
JavaScript
a programming language that runs in a browser, enabling web pages to support interactive elements
Script
tag that allows a webpage to include interactive content. Used to indicate that the content is not JavaScript
Function
a named program portion that can be run by referring to that name
Python
uses variables, comments, and loops to compute solutions
Variable
specific memory locations of an item
Comment
used to make notes in the program about specific data, variable, etc. but is not shown in the actual browser
For Loop
used to help limit the repetition of instructions
HTML Comment
a portion of the HTML document that is not displayed by the browser
Table
an HTML structure surrounded by the <table> opening and </table> closing tag that allows data to be organized in rows and columns
Table Row
surrounded by the <tr> opening and </tr> closing tags and contains all the cells within a table row
Cell
the location of the table at a specific row and column
Datum
plural of data
Aspect Ratio
the ratio of the image width to the image height
Required Attributes for Inserting an Image into a Webpage
src and alt
JPEG (Joint Photographic Experts Group)
image formate that is commonly used for digital photographs
PNG (Portable Network Graphics)
image format that is commonly used for line art and screenshots or images requiring transparency
GIF (Graphics Interchange Format)
image format that is commonly used for simple animated images
Lossy Compression
some of the original picture information is lost
Lossless Compression
no image quality is lost
True Color
approximately 16 million different colors-- 24 bit color
Anchor Tag
the tag that defines a hyperlink in a webpage (<a></a>)
Hyperlink
specifies where other information is located and what action the web browser should perform when a user clicks the hyperlink
Fragment
a section of a document pointed to by adding a hashtag and identifier at the end of a URL
ID Attribute
Adding this to any HTML tag creates a fragment identifier, thus permitting URLs to link directly to that location in the document (like a bookmark)
Graphical Hyperlink
using an image to create a link
Target
an attribute that indicates how the browser should display the link when clicked
Absolute URL
a complete URL
Relative URL
specifies the relative path to the web resource with no scheme or hostname
Special Characters
symbols in HTML, such as mathematical symbols, characters in most languages, and many other symbols
Entity
a mechanism for writing special characters, or symbols in HTML, such as mathematical symbols
Non-Breaking Character
an inter-word character that permits treating the words on both sides to be one word
Non-Breaking Hyphen
‑, looks like a regular hyphen, but acts like a normal character in the middle of a word
Non-Breaking Space
, looks like a single space, but acts like a normal character in the middle of a word
Container
any part of a web document body that has opening and closing tags
Parent Container
containers within which other containers are located
Block Tags
tags that reference an entire block of code
Inline Tags
tags that only reference small bits of content inside larger block containers
Forms
can be used to send information from the user to the server
Action
URL where where the form data should be sent
Method
HTTP request type the browser will use to communicate with
Query String
the data collected from the form fields
Enctype Attributes
attribute that indicates the web browser should split a POST request into multiple parts
Widget
an interactive component of a website
Text Area Widget
widget that allows users to enter multiple lines of text
Picker
a widget that allows the user to interactively pick a choice using a popup or other guided selection method
Fallback
a mechanism that allows a web page element to function correctly even if the browser does not support a particular element
Polyfill
a fallback using JavaScript code that makes certain features of HTML5 (Ex: the date picker) work on browsers that do not natively support those HTML5 features
Style
tag that is used to allow webpages to have more clear style decisions
Selector
specifies the HTML element which the rule will apply to
Declaration
indicates what value is assigned to a styling property
Declaration Block
contains one or more declarations separated by semicolons
Unordered List Tag
<ul>
<li></li>
</ul>
Ordered List Tag
<ol>
<li></li>
</ol>
Hyperlink Tag
<ahref="https://wikipedia.org/">Wikipedia</a>
Image Tag
<imgsrc=http://example.com/family.jpg alt="Smith family reunion">
Header Tag
<h1></h1>
Paragraph Tags
<p></p>
Line Break Tags
<br>
Bold
<b></b>
Italics
<i></i>
Comment Tags
<!�comment goes here -->
Table Rows Tag
<tr></tr>
Table Header Tags
<th></th>
Table Datum Tags
<td></td>
Caption Tags
<caption></caption>
Colspan
to merge columns in a table (<colspan></colspan>)
Rowspan
to merge rows in a table (<rowspan></rowspan>)
Background Tags
<body style="background-color:#ffff00">
Font Color Tags
a. <style="color:blue">
Style Tags
<style></style>