Demography
study of human populations
fertility
the incidence of childbearing in a country's population
birth rate
the number of births in a year for every 1,000 people in a population
mortality
the incidence of death in a population
death rate
the number of deaths each year per 1,000 people
Migration
people moving into or out of a territory
Immigration
people moving into a country
Emmigration
people moving out of a country
Low death rate
increased living standard, disease control, longer life expectancy
high birth rate
children source of support, women's role, government's policy
population control
essential to success of economic reform in 1979
One Child Policy
1982, compliance due to benefit for the country, old age security, high cost of raising children, family value change, incentives, sanctions, abortion/sterilization
challenges to policy
Spoiled child syndrome, abandonment of girls, smuggling boys, shortage of marriageable women, overburden of adult children, shortage of manpower in labor force in the future
some changes in the policy
illegal ultra sound for identifying sex, two children for one child parents; two children for any parents