popular culture
a new name for low culture, referring to those cultural products that most people share and know about, including television, music, videos, and popular magazines
characteristics of popular culture
produce by cultural industries, it's not folk culture, it's everywhere, it fills a social function
folk culture
traditional and non mainstream cultural activities that are not financially driven
culture industries
industries that produce and sell popular culture as commodities
cultural texts
popular culture messages whether television shows, movies, advertisements, or other widely disseminated messages
Encoding
the process of creating a message for others to understand
decoding
the process of interpreting a message
reader profiles
portrayals of readership demographics prepared by magazines
nonstereotyped, stereotyped/noncrime, nonviolent crime, violent crime
kinds of news stories
Media Imperialism
domination or control through media
electronic colonialism
domination or exploitation utilizing technological forms
cultural imperialism
domination through the spread of cultural products
intercultural relationships
relationships that are formed between individuals from different cultures
these let us acquire knowledge from around the world, break stereotypes, and acquire new skills
relational learning
learning that comes from a particular relationship but generalizes to other contexts
novelty-predictability, autonomy-connection, openess-closedness
dialectical tensions for intercultural relationships
differences-similarities dialectic
balance between finding interests in differences between others and interests between the same things
personal-contextual
why we hang out with the people we do, personal or because of others around us
similarity principle
individuals tend to be attracted to people they perceive to be similar to themselves
cognitive consistency
having a logical connection between existing knowledge and a new stimulus
cultural-individual dialectic
cultural vs individual differences
privileged-disadvantage dialectic
power differences in situations dialectic
static-dynamic dialectic
relationships both stay the same and change over time
History/Past-Present/Future Dialectic
recognizes how relationships are influenced by events in the past present and future
guanxi
A Chinese term for relational network
types of differences
differences in notions of friendships, differences in relational development,
stage model
the view that relationships develop in predictable phases over time
intimacy
the extent of emotional closeness
romantic relationships
intimate relationships that comprise love, involvement, sharing, openness, connectedness, and so on
self-disclosure
revealing information about oneself
line of sight
information about other people's identity based upon visible physical characteristics
submission style
a style of interaction for an intercultural couple in which one partner yields to the other partner's cultural patterns, abandoning or denying his or her own culture, also the most common style
compromise style
a style of interaction for an intercultural couple in which both partners give up some part of their own cultural habits and beliefs to minimize cross-cultural differences
obliteration style
a style of interaction for an intercultural couple in which both partners attempt to erase their individual cultures in dealing with cultural differences
consensus style
a style of interaction for an intercultural couple in which partners deal with cross-cultural differences by negotiating their relationship
coping with differences, tending to stereotype, dealing with anxiety, having to explain ourselves to others
challenges of intercultural relationships
conflict
The interference between two or more interdependent individuals or groups of people who perceive incompatible goals, values, or expectations, in attaining those ends
incompatibility
incapable of existing harmoniously
interdependent
mutually dependent
intercultural conflict
conflict between two or more cultural groups
ambiguity, language, contradictory conflict styles,
characteristics of intercultural conflict
facework
communication strategies used to "save" our own or someone else's "face" or public image
direct approach - using precise and specific language
indirect approach - use vague and nonspecific languageg
pacificism - opposition to the use of force under any circumstances
emotionally expressive approach - overt displays of feelings
restraint approa
intercultural conflict styles
discussion style - combines direct approach and emotional restrained approaches of conflict
engagement style - direct and emotional approach
accommodating style - indirect and emotional restrained manner
dynamic style - combines the indirect and emotional
conflict resolution styles
intermediatary
In a formal setting, a professional third party, such as a lawyer, real estate agent, etc who intervene when conflict arises, Informal settings may be friends or colleagues who intervene.
mediation
the act of resolving a conflict by a third party
social movements
organized activities in which individuals work together to bring about social change
stay centered don't polarize
maintain contact
recognize the existence of different styles
identify your preferred style
expand style repertoire
recognize the importance of the context
be willing to forgive
dealing with interpersonal conflict
dialogue
conversation that is slow, careful, full of feeling, respectful and attentive
facilitated intergroup dialogue
A peace-building approach, involving civic leaders and general public, focused on listening and speaking, not to persuade but to clarify.
peacebuilding
working toward equilibrium and stability in a society so that new disputes do not escalate into violence and war