Personality Practice Exam 4

What term is associated with Japense culture refers to indulgence and dependence that may exist between a parent and child?

Amae

According to Cohen, Nisbett, Bowdle, and Schwartz, the American South has a culture that involves elaborate displays of mutual respect. This idea is called

culture of honor

It has been suggested that the only way psycholigists can address the genralizability issue is to

conduct research with participants from around the world

David McClelland would agree that a culture that tells stories emphasizing community and social bonds would have high need for

affiliation

According to the text, what two factors are hypothesized to indulgence whether a culture is high in tightness?

population density and dominant religion

If less that 2 percent of a countrys population exhibits left-handedness, then cross-cultural researchers might say this is likely because it is a __________ culture

tight

Which of the following is likely to be most individualistic?

European American Man

Losing face" is primary danger in a _______ culture

collectivist

Members of diferent kinds of cultures may experience emotions differetly. People in ________ cultures report more self-focused emotions, whereas people in ________ cultures are more likely to report other-focused emotions

individualistic, collectivist

When asked to solve a murder mystery story, analytic thinkers tend to:

ignore more information than holistic thinkers

The attempt to determine how behavior is connected to the environment is called

functional analysis

An individual's environment, from a behaviorist perspective, includes his or her

rewards and punishments in the physical and social world

If a particular song frequently precedes your being touched by your significant other, then eventually hearing the song will make you think of being touched. This is the idea behind

associationism

The philosophical belief _________ claims that people learn in order to seek pleasure and to avoid pain.

hedonism

When a new mobile is first hung overt the baby's crib, she looks frequently, but after several weeks it passes by and she barely notices

habituated

In Pavlov's famous studies, when the presentation of meat was frequently preceded by the sound of a bell, dogs

begin to salivate at the sound of the bell

Pavlov's experiements on the timing of association demonstrated that two things become associated because

one event changes the meaning of the other

Experiments have shown that if one receives rewards and or punishments randomly, then one is likely to develop depression. This phenomenon is known as

learned helplessness

Punishment involves

introducing an aversion consequence in order to decrease the frequency of behavior

Perhaps the biggest limitation associated with the use of punishment

is that is it almost always administered wrong

According to Roter locus of control is analogous to

generalized expectency

The key target for psychotherapy, according to Bandura, is to

achieve a better match between the client's efficacy expectations and capabilities

Barbara thinks that Joe will go out on a date with her if she can ever get up the courage to ask him. Barbara's perception of the likliehood that Joe will accept ehr invitation reflects her ______ wheras her douts about her abilitity to ask him out reflec

expectancy; efficacy expectation