Ion
An atom or molecule with a net electric charge due to the loss or gain of one or more electrons.
1+
What is the charge of this sodium ion?
2+
What is the ionic charge of an atom that has lost two electrons?
3+
What is the ionic charge of an atom that has lost three electrons?
4+
What is the ionic charge of an atom that has lost four electrons?
3-
What is the ionic charge of an atom that has gained three electrons?
2-
What is the ionic charge of an atom that has gained two electrons?
-
What is the ionic charge of an atom that has gained 1 electrons?
negative
An atom becomes a negative ion even though it is gaining electrons because electrons have a ____________ charge.
positive
An atom becomes a _____________ ion even though it is losing electrons because electrons have a negative charge. It is losing its negative charge and becoming more _____________.
Gained
Has this ion lost or gained electrons?
5.72 � 10? kg
5,720,000,000 kg
300 m
3 � 10� m
2.4327 � 10?
24,327,000
2.4327 � 10?
24,327
5.72 � 10�
572
5.3 � 10??
0.0000053
7.8 � 10?�
0.0078
5.72 � 10??
0.000572
Scientific Notation
An easier way to write a very large or very small number.
4 � 10??
0.0004
1 kilometer
1000 meters
1 meter
100 centimeters
1 centimeter
10 millimeters
1 kilogram
1000 grams
1 gram
1000 milligrams
kilo
10^3 (one thousand)
centi
10^-2 (one hundredth)
milli
10^-3 (one thousandth)
metric conversion chart
Mass
The name of an isotope is determined by the atomic __________ of that isotope.
3
What is the atomic mass of Tritium?
1
How many neutrons are in a nucleus of deuterium?
3
How many neutrons are in an atom of Lithium-6?
5
How many neutrons are in an atom of Lithium-8?
neutrons
subatomic particles that have a neutral or no charge
protons
positively charged subatomic particles
atom
the smallest particle of an element that has all the properties of the element
electrons
negatively charged subatomic particles
nucleus
the central core of an atom; contains protons and neutrons
Picture of Dalton's Model
Picture of Thomson's Model
Picture of Rutherford's Model
Picture of the Modern electron cloud model
Description of Dalton's Model
a small sphere that is the most basic thing; cannot be broken down
Description of Thomson's Model
A sphere that is positive with small negative particles mixed within it. Like pudding
Description of Rutherford's model
A small positive core with small negative particles circling it. Like our solar system.
Cathode Ray
Experiment that showed atoms contained particles that were negatively charged.
Gold Foil
Rutherford did this experiment using alpha particles. Deflected electrons proved there was a small positively charged nucleus.
Democritus
Greek philosopher that first proposed the idea of a "atomos". That was the word for a mass that cannot be divided further. This is where the term "atom" originates.
Scientist that discovered the nucleus
Rutherford
Scientist that discovered electrons.
Thompson
atomic number
The number of protons in the nucleus of an atom
Mass number
the sum of the number of neutrons and protons in an atomic nucleus
isotope
Atoms of the same element that have different numbers of neutrons
ground state
The lowest energy state of an atom
excited state
temporary state when an electron is at a higher energy level
Picture of the Modern electron cloud model
Description of Dalton's Model
a small sphere that is the most basic thing; cannot be broken down. nicknamed the billiard (pool) ball model
Description of Thomson's Model
A sphere that is positive with small negative particles mixed within it. Like pudding
Description of Rutherford's model
A small positive core with small negative particles circling it. Like our solar system.
Niels Bohr
Showed that electrons move about the nucleus only in prescribed orbits. When jumping from one orbit to another with lower energy, a light quantum is emitted.
Scientist that discovered the nucleus
Rutherford
Scientist that discovered electrons.
Thompson