The four main subdisciplines of anthropology are cultural anthropology, archaeology, biological anthropology, and linguistics.
True
For anthropologists today, the term "primitive
is a misleading term that should be avoided.
Anthropology, as a discipline, has traditionally had the most in common with the field of
Sociology
Madagascar is:
the place W. Griffin has conducted archaeological fieldwork
The generalizing, comparative, and theory-building part of cultural anthropology is known as: (and this term also occasionally stands in for the entire sub-field of cultural anthropology)
Ethnology
A project discussed in the chapter 1 lecture (and briefly in our textbook) that illustrates some of the weaknesses of relying solely on survey questionnaires was
Rathje's garbage project
Anthropology's focus on both culture and biology:
allows anthropology to address how culture influences biological traits and vice versa.
What distinction do Gezon and Kottak draw between culture and society?
People share society?organized life in groups?with other animals, but culture is distinctly human.
Anthropology is a holistic discipline in that it
studies human biological, cultural, and linguistic variation across both time and space.
An anthropologist is studying ethnic-religious conflict in contemporary Sri Lanka. She or he is most likely a(n)
cultural anthropologist
The use of anthropological findings, concepts, and methods to accomplish a desired end is known as
applied anthropology
In chapter 1 of our textbook we learned that President Barack Obama's mother was
a cultural anthropologist who worked primarily in Indonesia.
Anthropology is a humanistic science most particularly because:
it discovers, describes, and attempts to explain similarities and differences among humans, with concern for the full diversity of worldviews and voices.
Which of the following accurately distinguishes ethnography from ethnology?
ethnologists look beyond the particular cultural data that ethnographers describe and interpret to compare and contrast and make generalizations about society and culture.
Globalization has effectively ended ethnocentrism around the world.
False
Subcultures are
Ideas and behaviors shared by a group of people within a larger population.
Cultural relativism is the doctrine that:
each culture is a uniquely different integrated whole
we shouldn't use our own standards to judge conduct in other cultures
no one culture is better than any other
particular cultures are comprehensible only in their own terms
REFLECTS ALL OF THESE
The anthropological concept of culture can include:
the ways people behave
ALL OF THESE
the material things people make
the ideas people learn
Though this has changed in recent decades, traditionally anthropology (as compared to sociology) was
more qualitative than quantitative
undertaken more often in non-Western societies
more focused on small-scale societies
ALL OF THESE
Although culture is one of the principal means by which humans adapt to their environment, some cultural traits may threaten a group's survival.
True
Which of the following statements about culture is not true?
Human groups differ in their capacities for culture.
Although rap music began in the United States, it is now popular all over the world. Which of the following mechanisms of cultural change is responsible for this?
Diffusion
What mechanism of cultural change is responsible for pidgin English?
Accultration
Which of the following statements about culture is not true?
It is transmitted genetically.
What is ethnocentrism?
Viewing another culture in terms of your own culture and values
Anthropologists have noted that culture is often contested. This means that:
different groups in a society struggle over whose ideas, values, goals, and beliefs will prevail.
The series of processes that are making nations and people increasingly interlinked and mutually dependent is known as:
Globalization
The name "Nacirema" is
the name anthropologist Horace Miner used to describe American culture
From Chagnon's article in the reader we learn that most Yanomamo when they first encountered this anthropologist
saw him as someone they might materially benefit from through trade or theft.
Some people in the world use scarification, wear bones in their noses, or fatten up young girls (as in Simmons' article) in part because
they (and their culture) think it looks good.
For anthropology, "ethnographies" are
the building blocks of cultural anthropology
ALL OF THESE
he "end product" of fieldwork
a detailed examination (in print or film) of a single culture
The insistence on a comparative perspective in anthropology means that
anthropologists try to consider as wide a sampling of different cultures as possible in making claims about "humans.
Because general anthropology is holistic and comparative, research within the discipline involves:
all human populations, both living and dead.
Ethnology is
the comparative, generalizing aspect of cultural anthropology.
Which of the following is not a distinctive feature of four-field anthropology?
It has an exclusive focus on contemporary cultures.
Ethnography involves the collection of data that become the basis for an account of a particular community, society, or culture.
True
Four-field anthropology
was shaped largely by early American anthropologists' interests in Native Americans.
Ethnocentrism is:
using the values of one's own culture to make judgments about the moral worth of other cultures
Cultural relativism tends to foster
tolerance in anthropologists as they attempt to understand other cultural practices.
The process by which children learn culture is known as
enculturation
What is the term for cultural change that results when two or more cultures have continuous firsthand contact?
Acculturation
The word cat is a symbol.
True
What people say they do or should do (as opposed to what they actually do) is known as
ideal culture.
The "psychic unity" of humans, a doctrine that most anthropologists accept, means that:
although individuals differ in their emotional and intellectual tendencies, all human populations have equivalent capacities for culture