What was the first adaptation in modern human evolution?
Bipedalsim
Habitual bipeds
Use only when useful
Obligate bipeds
Use it all the time
What other primate has a similar intermembral index to humans? (longer legs than arms)
Vertical leapers
What is the Foramen Magnum?
Where the spinal cord connects to the brain
Shape of the human spine?
S shaped
What shape is a newborn's spine?
C shaped
What is the shape of a human pelvis?
Bowl shaped
What is the shape of non-human primates pelvis?
Flattened
Why do humans have a bowl shaped pelvis?
Human weight is distributed across the pelvis
How do human femurs differ from other primates?
The femur is angled
4 morphologies of the foot
- Non-opposable hallux
- Platform like talus
- Large heel
- 2 foot arches
What dental patterns are used to determine diet?
Microwear patterns
Do humans have thin or thicker enamel?
Thicker
What is significant about human canines?
They are smaller with no diastema
3 reasons why human canines reduced in size
#NAME?
What shape is the human dental arcade?
Parabolic
What type of face do humans have?
Orthognathic
How have muscle attachment sites changed in humans?
They have reduced
(True or False) Bone mass has increased in modern humans?
FALSE
What is used to study brain capabilities in fossilized remains?
Brain endocasts
What change allowed humans frontal lobe to increase?
Reduced post-orbital constriction
What percentage of energy demands does the brain have?
0.2
2 signs that humans began burying their dead
#NAME?
What might have been a reason for humans to bury their dead?
Religion/Spirituality
Warmth, predator protection, and sociality are advantages of what?
Fire
How long ago did humans split from chimps?
8 MYA
Who discovered fossilized human remains in 1891?
Eugene Dubois
How did Eugene Dubois revolutionize this field?
By shifting the focus to finding human remains
Who was ostracized by other scientists and convinced that he did not find human remains?
Eugene Dubois
3 earliest Hominis?
#NAME?
Which early hominin had the following traits:
- Smaller teeth, thicker enamel
- Short face
- Decreased prognathism
- Large brow ridge
- Slightly centralized foramen magnum
Sahelanthropus tchadenis
Which early hominin has unique features not seen in other ape or human fossils?
Sahelanthropus tchadenis
Where was the Sahelanthropus tchadensis found?
Sahel, Chad
Which early hominin had the following traits:
- Earliest post-cranial remains
- Ape-like canines
- A mix of arboreal quadropedalism & bipedalism
Orrorin tugenensisn
Where was the Orrorin tugenensis found?
Tugen Hills, North Kenya