Linguistic anthropology
The study of the development of language and how people use language to communicate
Ethnolinguistics
The study of the language of a specific ethnic group within a culture
Sociolinguistics
The study of how the use of language affects any or all parts of a culture or society
Synchronic linguistics
The study of dialects including morphology, syntax, semantics, grammar, and phonology
Semantics
The study of the meaning or interpretation of words, parts of words, phrases, or sentences
Comparitave linguistics
The study of how linguistics vary from one place to the next and one speaker to the next. It is also a study of how languages change over an extended period of time
Etymology
The study of the origin of words
Linguistic typology
Is the creation of statements concerning language change in structure that are universally true and can be applied to the study of any language
Philology
The study of ancient languages and write in texts
Friedrich Schlegel
First to use the term comparative grammar in 1808
Jakob Grimm
Determined that Sanskirt, Greek, and Latin languages were related to the Scandinavian languages as well as English, German, and Dutch.
Structuralist
Viewed languages as systems composed of patterns of sounds and words. They study patterns to learn about the structure of a language. They believed each language has a distinct kit structure that cannot be compared with that of any other language
Ferdinand de Saussure
First leader of the structuralist
American structuralist
Leonard Bloomfield
Franz Boas
Edward Sapir
Synchronic linguistics
Study of descriptive linguistics examines the language of a specific time period or place