Unilineal Descent
implies that people place importance on either their father's or mother's side of the family (but not both).
Patrilineal Descent
occurs where people trace their primary kinship connections to the ancestors and living relatives of their fathers.
Matrilineal
descent
occurs where people trace their
primary kinship connections to the ancestors and living
relatives of their mothers.
Cognatic descent
no formal principle or rule about
whether individuals join the groups of their mothers or
fathers.
Bilateral
descent
Kinship is traced through both genders,
and the relatives on both sides are seen as equally
important.
Domestic group
those individuals who live together in a
single household
Descent Group
a permanent social unit whose members
claim a common ancestry--eg.
lineage(demonstrated)
clan (stipulated)
Consanguines
people related by birth
Affines
people
related by marriage
Family
of group of people who are considered related in
some way.
Family of Orientation
family into which a person is
born
Family of Procreation
family that a person forms through
his or her marriage
Exogamy:
an individual is
prohibited from marrying within
her or his family, kin group, village, etc.
Endogamy
an individual must marry someone in his or her
own social group
marry out or die out" hypothesis:
incest taboo forces
people to marry outside their group, thus
extending the
circle of peaceful relationships, increasing the number
of allies
Instinctive revulsion
based on biological need to avoid
incest since a prohibition on incest is found in all
human societies, and since it is concerned with a
biological act
Biological degeneration"
explanation
that incest or
inbreeding leads to deterioration
because of
harmful
recessive genes in a population
Polygamy
plural spouses, of any
kind
Polygyny
one man is allowed multiple wives
Sororal Polygyny
one man is
married to multiple sisters
Polyandry
one woman is allowed multiple husbands
Group marriage
several women and men are allowed to be
married simultaneously to one another
Marriage Alliance
indicates a change of status, with
new responsibilities and/or wider social relationships
Marital Exchange
An economic exchange between groups
prior to the marriage
Bride-Wealth
requires a man and his relatives to
transfer goods
to the relatives of the bride
Bride-Service
when a husband spends a period of time
working for the bride's family
Dowry
when the family of the bride transfers
to her and her husband part of their property; couple gets
a share
of the woman's inheritance
Viri/patrilocal
couples go to live with or near the
parents of the husband
Uxori/matrilocal
couples live with or near the wife's
parents
Bilocal
residence is optional between either the wife's
or husband's kin
Neolocal
couples live apart from both sets of parents,
establishing a separate dwelling and independent
household
Avunculocal
couples live with the maternal uncle of the husband
Doctrine of
Separate
Spheres
men ruled the public
sphere of economy and polity, while women ruled and
children inhabited the 'private' sphere of the household.
Childhood
a special and valued period of life while
humans are depicted as innocent beings in need of
prolonged protection and care.
Romantic Love
Between Marriage
Partners
dates only to the
nineteenth century.
Cross
Cousins
children of either your father's sister or
your mother's brother
Parallel cousins
children of either your father's
brother or your mother's sister