Modern humans have misaligned teeth because of
the development of agriculture, the invention of pottery, and a change in muscle and bone in the jaw
Domesticated C3 plants include all of the following
wheat, barley, and rice
Plant domestication brought with it the invention of
alcohol
One of the advantages of the invention of agriculture for human adaptation is
the ability to feed a larger number of people.
Disadvantages of the invention of agriculture for human adaptation include
an increase in interpersonal violence
Modern human evolution has been marked by a(n) ______________ in the size of the face and jaw and a(n) ______________ in cultural complexity.
decrease; increase
You find a cache of skeletons from an agricultural site in the United States. What would you expect to see in the cross section of the femur?
More information about the geographic location of the site would be helpful because different kinds of food production can lead to either an increase or a decrease in the size.
(Building a new physique - Agriculture's changes to workload/activity. Dependi
Which of these locations is most likely to have people suffering from a variety of infectious diseases?
closely packed slums
Diseases that continue to plague modern humans because of overcrowding include all of the following EXCEPT
caries
An increase in dental caries in North America came about because of the increase in consumption of
corn
Compared to hunter-gatherers, agriculturalists have higher rates of
periosteal reactions, enamel hypoplasias, and dental caries
With all the disadvantages to farming, why did humans continue to do so?
It allowed women to bear more children
Iron-deficiency anemia can result from
dietary stress and parasites
The treponematoses are a category of disease that include
syphilis
The shift from foraging to farming is associated with the time period called the
Neolithic
You are interested in tracking the spread of maize agriculture throughout the eastern United States, so your professor suggests that you might want to study human skeletons and look into
stable isotopes analysis of carbon, the rate of dental caries, and frequencies of iron-deficiency anemia.
(Health and the agricultural revolution. Analyzing skeletal tissue for carbon isotopes can tell you whether C4 plants such as maize (corn) were impor
Your mother points out to you a magazine article that says that better nutrition is the reason modern Americans are taller than Americans of two centuries ago. You tell her that
while this is true, other factors such as a reduction in infectious diseases also contribute to the increase in height
(Good nutrition is a key factor in allowing bones and teeth to reach their full genetic potential, but other factors are also at work, s
In a biology class, your friend had to read Jared Diamond's essay The Worst Mistake in the History of the Human Race, which details the drawbacks of sedentary life and agriculture. Your friend wants to know why humans continued to farm in the face of dise
having reliable access to food and being able to produce more calories per unit of land available led to population increase.
(In addition to an increase in disease, sedentary agriculture brought with it an increase in interpersonal violence and environme
Many of the bones from the prehistoric Cowboy Wash site in Colorado show evidence of cannibalism. Dr. Larsen suggests that environmental stresses may have led to a reduction in agricultural yields, causing a surge in interpersonal conflict over land. This
evidence of cannibalism is found long before the advent of agriculture
(In chapter 12, we learned that the earliest evidence of cannibalism comes from the site of Gran Dolina in Spain, dating to about 300,000 years ago. This was long before the advent of
While reading an article for your archaeology class, you come across a section in which the author lays out a claim for the dolichocephalic Mesolithic foragers being replaced by the brachycephalic agriculturalists in Nubia. This claim that "short-headed
craniofacial changes can be attributed to long-term changes in diet rather than to wholesale population replacement
(The masticatory-functional hypothesis states that changes in diet, particularly to softer foods, affected the shape of the human skull. As
The defects shown in these teeth are called ________________, which tell anthropologists that the individual underwent stress episodes, likely caused by nutritional deficiencies or diseases.
hypoplasias
According to this chart, domestication
occurred earlier in Asia than in Africa
These lumbar vertebrae illustrate _____________, a common problem resulting from physically demanding activity.
osteoarthritis
While washing bones at your internship in the physical anthropology lab, you come across these vertebrae. In your notes, you write that
this individual suffered from osteoarthritis in his/her lower back, this person engaged in a lot of physical activity in his/her life, and this individual was more likely a hunter-gatherer than an agriculturalist.
(Osteoarthritis can produce the bony outg
Given this cranium of an adolescent, you might suggest that the cause of death was
an untreated parasitic infection
(The eye orbits of this adolescent show evidence of cribra orbitalia, a bony reaction to iron-deficiency anemia. Anemia has many causes, but your suggestion of parasitic infection could be correct. More tests may need to b