Freud's definition of mental health
the ability to work and to love
Robinson's definition of mental health
mental health is a dynamic state in which thought, feeling and behavior that is age appropriate and congruent with cultural norms is demonstration. It is characterized by the use of behaviors that alter stressors and promote problem resolution
stress
results from both positive and negative events and comes from any direction
physiological effects of stress
enlargement of the adrenal cortex
stage 1: Alarm Reaction
adreniline
fight or flight
stage 2: Resistance
corticosteriods: fatigue, irrritibility
stage 3: Exhaustion
...
coping
the process of managing stress
primary prevention strategies
goal is to prevent mental illness
1. protect the developing brain
2. minimize predisposition to disease
3. Increase resistance to disease (preventing substance abuse)
secondary prevention strategies
early recognition, case finding and priority interventions
EX: depression screening in nursing homes
EX: crisis intervention and management (rape center)
tertiary prevention strategies
designed to reduce residual effects of mental illness and facilitate rehabilitation
EX: social skills training for schizophrenics
EX: relapse prevention programs
EX: medication education
psychoanalysis goal
to resolve issues by making the unconscious conscious
psychoanalysis methods
free association (say whatever comes into your mind)
dream analysis (talking about them)
Freudian slips (meant to say something but said something else)
analysis of defense mechanisms
interpretation of transference and resistance
transference
the idea that the therapist is a blank screen. the patient doesn't know anything about the therapist
ego functions
accurately perceive and adapt to reality
differentiate ourselves from others
integrate good and bad parts
control and regulate instinctual drives
tolerate frustration and delay gratification
think logically and solve problems
learn from experience and ant
primitive defense mechanisms
acting out***
conversion
denial
dissociation
projection
splitting
reaction formation
regression
repression
somatization***
less primitive defense mechanisms
compensation
repression
displacement
identification
rationalization
undoing
mature defense mechanisms
acceptance***
altruism***
anticipation***
humility***
humor***
sublimation
suppression
transference
unconscious feelings that a person had for a significant other in childhood that are now being projected into the nurse
transference can be positive or negative
countertransference
unconscious feelings that the nurse has from a previous relationship that are being projected onto the patient
feelings can be positive or negative
resistance
a process that seeks to maintain the status quo by conscious or unconsciously resisting expose of information that would lead to change
NEVER EVER TALK TO PATIENTS ABOUT ANYTHING ____________
unconscious
infant- 18 months (erikson)
trust v mistrust
forming attachment to mother, which lay foundations for ater trust in others
18 months - 3 years
autonomy v shame & doubt
gaining some basic control of self and environment
3 - 5 years (erikson)
initiative v guilt
becoming purposeful and directive
5 - 13 years (erikson)
industry v inferiority
developing social, physical, and school skills
13 - 21 years old (erikson)
identity v role confusion
making transition from childhood to adulthood; developing sense of identity
21 - 39 years old
intimacy v isolation
establishing intimate bonds of love and friendship
40 - 65 years old
ego integrity v despair
fulfilling life goals and looking back at ones life
unsuccessful resolution of crisis in a infant
i cant trust anyone, no one has ever been there when i needed them
unsuccessful resolution of crisis in a early child
i could never lose the weight they want me to, so why even try
unsuccessful resolution of crisis in a preschooler
i wanted the candy, so i took it
unsuccessful resolution of crisis in a school aged
i cant read as well as the others in my class; im just dumb
unsuccessful resolution of crisis in a adolescence
i belong to the gang because without them i am nothing
unsuccessful resolution of crisis in a early adult
there's no one out there for me
unsuccessful resolution of crisis in a Middle Aged adult
after i work all day, i just want to watch television and dont want to be around people
unsuccessful resolution of crisis in a 65 or older
what a waste my life has been; im going to die alone
goal of behavioral theory
to eliminate problematic behaviors and shape desirable behaviors
Pavlov & Skinner Behavioral Theory
personality consists of learned behavior
therefore it can be unlearned
classic conditioning
the dog salivating example
systematic desensitization
1. establish a hierarchy of anxiety provoking events
2. teach relaxation strategies
3. expose patient to anxiety-provoking stimulus while she practices relaxtion
conversion therapy
for pedophiles, also was used for homosexuals
aversion therapy
A behavior therapy in which an aversive stimulus is paired with a stimulus that elicits an undesirable response.
Flooding
interpersonal theory
human beings are driven by a need for human interaction. Psych disorders are influenced by the interpersonal interactions and the social context in which they occurs
key concept of interpersonal theory
anxiety is caused by insecurity in social relationships
loneliness is the most painful emotion
goal of interpersonal therapy
to help people develop healthy and secure interpersonal attachments characterized by mutual love and repspect
methods of interpersonal therapy
therapeutic relationships
skills training/education
role playing
modeling health interpersonal behaviors
Person - Centered Therapy
mental health is defined as congruence between who one wants to become and who one actually is
rogers idea on anxiety
anxiety signifies that we are not living in ways that are congruent with our authentic selves
existential theory
all human beings are susceptible to anxiety resulting from loneliness, isolation, loss, despair, human limitations and the reality that none of us can escape death
goal of existential theory
to help people live lives full of meaning and purpose in the face of suffering and uncertainty
cognitive theory
our thoughts shape our attitudes
rational emotive therapy
albert ellis
RET is a form of
cognitive behavioral therapy
What are ellis's 3 musturbations
1. i must do well
2. you must treat me well
3. the world must be easy